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Year 1052 (MLII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar.

• Summer – Godwin, Earl of Wessex, sails with a large fleet up the Thames to London, forcing King Edward the Confessor to reinstate him into his previous position of power.

• Battle of Haydaran: The Zirid dynasty is defeated by the invading Bedouin Arab tribes of the Banu Hilal.^[1]

• Byōdō-in, a Japanese Buddhist temple (located in the Kyoto Prefecture), changes its name by order of Fujiwara no Yorimichi.

• May 23 – Philip I (“the Amorous”), king of France (d. 1108)
• September/October – Conrad II (“the Child”), duke of Bavaria (d. 1055)
• Agnes of Aquitaine, countess of Savoy (approximate date)
• Dirk V, count of Friesland (west of the Vlie) (d. 1091)
• Edgar Ætheling, uncrowned king of England (d. c. 1126) (approximate date)
• Gleb Svyatoslavich, Kievan prince (approximate date)
• Jón Ögmundsson, Icelandic bishop and saint (d. 1121)
• Robert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury, Norman nobleman (approximate date)
• Roman Svyatoslavich, Kievan prince (approximate date)

• March 6 – Emma of Normandy, queen consort of England (twice), Denmark and Norway (b. 984)
• May 6 – Boniface III, Italian prince and margrave (assassinated)
• June 2/4 – assassinations
  • Guaimar IV of Salerno, Italian nobleman
  • Pandulf III of Salerno, Lombard prince
  • Pandulf of Capaccio, Lombard nobleman
• June 19 – Fan Zhongyan, chancellor of the Song dynasty (b. 989)
• October 4 – Vladimir Yaroslavich, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1020)
• October 27 – Qirwash ibn al-Muqallad, Uqaylid emir^[2]
• December 14 – Aaron Scotus, Irish abbot and musician
• Amadeus I, count of Savoy (approximate date)
• Halinard, French archbishop (approximate date)
• Hugh II, count of Ponthieu (also lord of Abbeville)
• Rodulf, Norman missionary bishop and abbot
• Sweyn Godwinson (or Swein), English nobleman
• Xu Daoning, Chinese painter (approximate date)
• Xuedou Chongxian, Chinese Buddhist monk