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Events

March 2 – Charles the Good, count of Flanders, is murdered by a band of knights while praying in church; he leaves no children. King Louis VI of France appoints William Clito (son of Robert Curthose) as new ruler. But the Flemish towns of Bruges, Ghent, Saint-Omer and Ypres recognize (with English financial support) Thierry of Alsace as rival count.
Spring – The forces of Alfonso VII of León and Castile begin the Siege of Guimarães, which will end in their withdrawal.^[1]
Summer – King Roger II of Sicily claims the Hauteville possessions in Italy as well the overlordship of Capua. However, a coalition of Norman noblemen in Apulia and Calabria resist (supported by Pope Honorius II) against Sicilian rule. The same year, Roger regains control over Malta after a rebellion.^[2] Roger II also establishes a pact with the maritime Republic of Savona to guarantee the security of the Mediterranean Sea,^[3] probably following an Almoravid raid against the Sicilian realm.^[4]
December 18 – Conrad III (with support of the imperial cities, Swabia and Austria) is elected and crowned as anti-king of Germany at Nuremberg.

King Henry I of England arranges the marriage of his daughter Matilda (the widow of Emperor Henry V) to the 14-year-old Geoffrey of Anjou (son of Count Fulk V). This is done to ensure an alliance between England and Anjou, and to prevent Fulk allying with Louis VI. Henry has the English nobles swear allegiance to Matilda as the rightful heir to the throne. Upon his death, her cousin Stephen of Blois crosses the channel and usurps her throne, becoming the King of England. She wages a lengthy civil war known as the Anarchy, which lasts from 1135–1154.

Imad ad-Din Zengi, a Turkish military leader, becomes governor (atabeg) of Mosul. He seizes the cities of Nisibin, Sinjar and Harran in the Jazira Region (Northern Mesopotamia).

January 9 – Jin–Song Wars: Jurchen forces sack the Chinese capital of Kaifeng of the Northern Song dynasty during the Jingkang incident. They capture Emperor Qinzong, along with his father, Huizong, and members of the House of Zhao.^[5]
June 12 – Qinzong’s younger brother, the 20-year-old Gaozong, re-establishes the Song dynasty (as the Southern Song dynasty) in Lin’an (modern-day Hangzhou) and is proclaimed emperor.

The Kalyan minaret (as part of the Po-i-Kalyan mosque complex) is completed in Bukhara (modern Uzbekistan).

^ H. V. Livermore: A History Of Portugal, Cambridge University Press, 1947, p. 59.
^ Abulafia, David (1985). The Norman kingdom of Africa and the Norman expeditions to Majorca and the Muslim Mediterranean. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-416-6.
^ Bresc, Henri. “La Sicile et l’espace libyen au Moyen Age” (PDF). Mediterranea – ricerche storiche. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved January 17, 2012.
^ Johns, Jeremy (2002). Arabic administration in Norman Sicily: the royal dīwān. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 85. ISBN 0-521-81692-0.
^ Lorge, Peter (2005). War, Politics and Society in Early Modern China, 900–1795, pp. 53–54. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-203-96929-8.
^ Annals of the Four Masters. Ireland: Corpus of Electronic Texts (UCC), Annal M1127.1. 1127.

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