August 14: The Battle of Aljubarrota is fought in Portugal to determine which of two claimants— King Juan of Castile or Joao, Master of Aviz— will become the King of Portugal.
March 22 – From the port of Sluis (now in the Netherlands), the Kingdom of France dispatches a fleet of ships, carrying an army of 1,315 soldiers, 300 crossbowmen and 200 assistants, to aid the Kingdom of Scotland in defense of an invasion by the Kingdom of England.[8] The fleet arrives at the Scottish port of Leith, near Scotland’s capital, Edinburgh, on March 25.
May 14 – The two-day Battle of Sluys concludes on the North Sea off of the coast of the Netherlands as England’s Royal Navy, led by the Admiral, Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester attempts to blockade the Flemish port of Sluis and more than 100 ships stationed there. Jean de Vienne, Admiral of France, makes a successful counter-attack and the Royal Navy ships sail back to England to defend London.[11]
May 29 – The Battle of Trancoso is fought between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Crown of Castile after a Castilian army pillages and burns the city of Viseu. As the Castilians are marching back with their plundered loot and prisoners, they are met by the Portuguese Army, which kills more than 400 soldiers along with six of the seven Castilian officers, then recovers the stolen treasure and releases all of the Portuguese citizens taken prisoner.[12]
July 16 – King Richard II directs suppliers in Durham, Yorkshire, Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmorland to be prepared to supply food to the English Army, to be purchased “at a reasonable price for ready payment.”[14]
English invasion of Scotland (1385): After setting off from Berwick-upon-Tweed, the English Army invades Scotland.[16] The English soldiers quickly run out of food, since to supply lines have been created and the residents of the border towns in Scotland have fled, taking their food with them.[13]
September 7 – Scottish and French troops unsuccesfully try to besiege the walled city of Carlisle in England,[16] but Sir Henry Percy, nicknamed “Hotspur” breaks the siege and the attackers withdraw to Scotland, ending the war between the two kingdoms.[21]
The Hongwu Emperor of China’s Ming dynasty relents after eighteen tribute missions over the previous eight years, and agrees to invest King U of Goryeo.
^Goodman, Anthony (2013). John of Gaunt: The Exercise of Princely Power in Fourteenth-Century Europe. London: Routledge. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-31789-480-3.
^Walsingham, Thomas (2005) [1863–1864]. Clark, J. G. (ed.). The Chronica Maiora of Thomas Walsingham, 1376–1422. Translated by Preest, D. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. p. 140. ISBN 978-1-84383-144-0.
^Hiskett, M. (1957). “The Kano Chronicle”. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1/2): 79–81. ISSN0035-869X. JSTOR25201990.
^Boardman, Stephen (2007), The Early Stewart Kings: Robert II and Robert III, 1371–1406, The Stewart Dynasty in Scotland Series, Edinburgh: John Donald, an imprint of Birlinn Ltd, pp. 135–136, ISBN 978-1-904607-68-7
^Sadler, J. (2005). Border Fury: England and Scotland at War, 1296–1598. Harlow: Routledge. p. 271. ISBN 978-1-13814-343-2.
^G. Mercer Adam ed., The History of Nations: Spain and Portugal (Philadelphia: John D. Morris and Company, 1906) p.174
^Black, Jane (2009). Absolutism in Renaissance Milan. Plenitude of power under the Visconti and the Sforza 1329–1535. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 52–53. ISBN 9780199565290.
^Jean-Claude Castex, Répertoire Des Combats Franco-anglais de la Guerre de Cent Ans (1337-1453) [Directory of Franco-English Battles of the Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453)](Vancouver: Les Éditions du Phare-Ouest, 2012) p.167
^Pereira Felix, John Abridgement of the History of Portugal (BiblioBazaar, 2009) p.116 ISBN 978-1-1103-3516-9
^ abcdeSumption, J. (2009). The Hundred Years’ War: Divided Houses. Vol. III. London: Faber & Faber. pp. 545–548. ISBN 978-0-57124-012-8.
^Sharp, B. (2016). Famine and Scarcity in Late Medieval and Early Modern England: The Regulation of Grain Marketing, 1256–1631. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 126–127. ISBN 978-1-10712-182-9.
^ abMacdonald, A. J. (2000). Border Bloodshed: Scotland and England at War, 1369–1403. East Linton: Tuckwell Press. pp. 89–90. ISBN 978-1-86232-106-9.
^Rait, R. S. (1901). An Outline of the Relations between England and Scotland, 500–1707. London: Blackie. p. 78. OCLC746293364.
^Saul, N. (1997). Richard II. Bury St Edmunds: Yale University Press. p. 145. ISBN 978-0-300-07003-3.
^Halecki, Oscar (1991). Jadwiga of Anjou and the Rise of East Central Europe. Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America. pp. 132–133. ISBN 0-88033-206-9.
^Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 109–113. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
^Bevan, B. (1990). King Richard II. London: Rubicon Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-94869-517-9.
