March 4 – The Republic of Venice offers a reward to anyone who is successful in assassinating the Albanian rebel leader Skanderbeg, with a pension of 100 gold ducats per month as a reward.[3]
March 19 – The Battle of Río Verde is fought as the 600-member cavalry of the Crown of Castile, is retreating from an attack led by Juan de Saavedra, against invaders from the Emirate of Granada, led by the Sultan Yusuf V. The 1,500 Granadan cavalry overwhelm the Castilians and massacre all but five of the 600 soldiers, while taking Saavedra as a prisoner of war.[5][6][1]
April 28 – The militia of francs-archers, the first regular infantry in France, is created by the ordonnance of Montil-lès-Tours during the reign of King Charles VII, directing that in each parish, the person most skilled in the use of archery would be exempt from certain obligations in return for perfecting his skills on a weekly basis and being ready to be summoned for combat.[8][9]
May 3 – The Treaty of Prenzlau is signed between in Germany by the Margraviate of Brandenburg and the Duchy of Pomerania, both principalities within the Holy Roman Empire. The treaty partitions the disputed territory of the Uckermark, with Brandenburg receiving the southern part and Pomerania the northern part, with rights for Brandenburg to receive the north if Pomerania’s ruling house should become extinct.[10]
June 9 – The regency of Portugal ends as Dom Pedro, Duke of Coimbra, as King Afonso V, now 16, dismisses his uncle who had served as regent for almost 10 years after the death of King Duarte in 1738. Influenced by Afonso de Braganza, King Afonso begins nullification of all of the decrees made in his name by Dom Pedro.
June 27 – Venice sends Andrea Venier to negotiate with the Ottoman Empire in an attempt to have the Ottomans invade Albania.[14] Afterwards, Venier is sent to meet with Skanderbeg to ask him to cease hostilities.[15]
June 29 – Karl VIII is crowned as King of Sweden in Uppsala Cathedral the day after being publicly hailed as king at Mora Stones.
July–September
July 2 – Catherine Karlsdotter, daughter of Karl Ormsson Gumsehuvud and wife of King Karl VIII of Sweden, is crowned as Queen consort of Sweden.
July 23 – The League of Lezhë, made up of the armies of various Albanian principalities, defeats the forces of the Venetian Republic and the Ottoman Empire at the battle of Scutari.[16]
July 29 – The War in Gotland begins in Scandinavia as an army from Sweden, commanded by Generals Magnus Gren and Birger Trolle, invades the island of Gotland, at the time ruled by Denmark.[17] The invasion is repelled by Erik of Pomerania, ruler of the island and the former King of Sweden and Denmark.
July 31 – The Siege of Svetigrad ends after 10 weeks as the defenders surrender to the Ottomans.[18] The reason for giving up is the lack of a safe water supply, either because it was contaminated from a dead animal in the castle well,[19] or because the Ottomans were able to locate and cut off the castles source of water.[20]
October 20 – After three days of fighting at the Battle of Kosovo, Hungarian forces under John Hunyadi are defeated by the larger Ottoman force commanded by the Sultan Murad II[28]
November 1 – On the day that had been scheduled for England to transfer its territory in France at Le Mans, Maine and Anjou back to French control, English diplomats Nicholas Molyneux, Osbert Mundford and Thomas Direhill meet at Le Mans with the French representatives Guilaume Cousinot II and Jean Havart. However, Fulk Eyton and Sir Matthew Gough, who had been empowered by King Henry VI of England to make the transfer, deliberately avoid attending and the English commissioners declare that no transfer will be made until just compensation will be made to Englishmen who are losing their land. Cousinot and Havart renew their demands for transfer to take place as scheduled and nothing is accomplished.[29]
December 4 – Swedish troops attack Gotland again and climb the walls of the city’s capital, Visby, making a surprise attack. Eric of Pomerania flees to the fortress of Visborg.[17]
Roman II flees to Poland, when an army sent by John Hunyadi, and led by Csupor de Monoszló, comes to put Petru on the throne of Moldavia. Petru dies suddenly, and Csupor takes on the throne for two months, as Ciubăr Vodă.
After a long episode of drought, flood, locust infestation and famine in Ming dynastyChina since the year 1434, these natural afflictions finally wane, and agriculture and commerce return to a state of normality.
^Myrdal, Jan (1976), Albania defiant, Monthly Review Press, p. 48, ISBN 978-0-85345-356-7
^Michael V.C. Alexander, Three Crises in Early English History: Personalities and Politics During the Norman Conquest, the Reign of King John, and the Wars of the Roses (Lanham MD: University Press of America, 1988) pp. 133–136. ISBN 978-0-7618-1188-6
^Proyectos, HI Iberia Ingeniería y. “Historia Hispánica”. historia-hispanica.rah.es.
^Joseph F. O’Callaghan, The Last Crusade in the West, Castile and the Conquest of Granada (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014) pp. 88-89
^Potter, David (2008). Renaissance France at War: Armies, Culture and Society, c.1480–1560. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-1-84383-405-2.
^Wolf-Dieter Mohrmann, Der Landfriede im Ostseeraum während des späten Mittelalters (The neutral nation in the Baltic region during the late Middle Ages), Lassleben, 1972, p.285, ISBN 3-7847-4002-2, ISBN 978-3-7847-4002-7
^Franco, Demetrio (1539), Comentario de le cose de’ Turchi, et del S. Georgio Scanderbeg, principe d’ Epyr (Commentary on the affairs of the Turks, by George Skanderbeg, prince of Epyr), Altobello Salkato, p. 99, ISBN 99943-1-042-9 {{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
^ abCarl Joseph Hefele, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ND8gRRSJD_sC&pg=PA574Histoire des Conciles: d’aprés les documents originaux (History of the Councils: according to the original documents) (in French), Volume 11 (Paris: A. Le Clere 1876), pp. 573-574.
^Harrison, Dick (2002). Karl Knutsson: en biografi (Karl Knutsson: A Biography) (in Swedish). Lund: Historiska media. p. 13. ISBN 91-89442-58-X. SELIBR8693772.
^Hodgkinson, Harry (1999), Scanderbeg: From Ottoman Captive to Albanian Hero, Centre for Albanian Studies, p. 86, ISBN 978-1-873928-13-4
^Schmitt, Oliver Jens (2001), Das venezianische Albanien [Venetian Albania] (1392–1479), Munich: R. Oldenbourg Verlag GmbH München, p. 490, ISBN 3-486-56569-9
^ abSundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig ( Medieval Swedish Wars) (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg Bokförlag. pp. 285–287. ISBN 978-91-89080-26-3.
^Hodgkinson, Harry (1999), Scanderbeg: From Ottoman Captive to Albanian Hero, Centre for Albanian Studies, p. 102, ISBN 978-1-873928-13-4
^Barleti, Marin; De Lavardin, Jacques (2024). The History of George Castriot, surnamed Scanderbeg, King of Albania: containing his famous acts, his noble deeds of arms, and memorable victories against the Turks, for the faith of Christ. IAPS. pp. xxiii–xxvii. ISBN 978-1946244406.
^Donald M. Nicol, The Despotate of Epiros 1267-1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages (Cambridge University Press, 1984) p.208
^Noli, Fan Stilian (1947), George Castroiti Scanderbeg (1405–1468), International Universities Press, p. 40, OCLC732882
