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Richard III of England is killed at the Battle of Bosworth Field.

Year 1485 (MCDLXXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

April–June

July–September

  • August 1– Accompanied by his own troops and French mercenaries, Henry Tudor sets sail from Honfleur in France with 30 ships to begin his second attempt to invade the Kingdom of England.[10]
  • August 5– The first outbreak of sweating sickness in England begins.
  • August 7– After departing France and sailing around the south coast of the island of Britain, Henry Tudor and his troops enter Mill Bay and land near Dale, Pembrokeshire Wales without opposition,[11] and begin marching toward London to attack King Richard, camping at Haverfordwest. From there, the Tudor supporters march north to Cardigan; Llwyn Dafydd; Llanilar, Aberystwyth; Machynlleth, then turn eastward at Mathafarn on August 14.
  • August 11– News of Henry’s landing at Wales reaches Richard, who issues a mobilization order that his lords received on August 14.
  • August 15– Henry Tudor’s army begins crossing the border from Wales into England at Mathafarn, then marches towards London.
  • August 22 – At the Battle of Bosworth Field, King Richard III of England is killed in battle by the soldiers of Rhys ap Thomas and Sir William Stanley, in the service of Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond.[12] With the death of King Richard, the Yorkist troops retreat.[13] King Richard’s remains will lie undiscovered for 517 years until 2012 when they are found during the excavation of a parking lot in Leicester.[14][15]
  • September 8 – The army of the Grand Duchy of Moscow forces, led by Ivan III, invades the city of Tver, ruled by Mikhail III and capital of the Duchy of Tver. Within 10 days, Ivan is able to claim the Duchy.
  • September 15 –
    • Peter Arbues is assaulted while praying in the cathedral at Zaragoza in the Kingdom of Aragon, now part of Spain; he dies on September 17. He had been appointed Inquisitor of Aragon by the Inquisitor General, Tomás de Torquemada, in the campaign against heresy and Spanish Judaism.
    • Less than four weeks after the Battle of Bosworth and the defeat of Richard III, King Henry VII summons the English Parliament, directing the members of the House of Lords and the House of Commons to assemble at Westminster for the November 7 opening of the English Parliament.

October–December

Date unknown

Births

Hernán Cortés

Deaths

References

  1. ^ Lingelbach, William E. (1913). The History of Nations: Austria-Hungary. New York: P. F. Collier & Son Company. ASIN B000L3E368.
  2. ^ Pohl, Walter (1995). Die Welt der Babenberger. Graz: Verlag Styria. pp. 90–91. ISBN 978-3-222-12334-4.
  3. ^ a b Anton Ferdinand von Geissau (1805). Geschichte der Belagerung Wiens durch den König Mathias von Hungarn, in den Jahren 1484 bis 1485 [History of the siege of Vienna by King Matthias of Hungary from 1484 to 1485] (in German). Vienna: Anton Strauss. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
  4. ^ Ignatius Aurelius Fessler (1822). Die geschichten der Ungern und ihrer landsassen [History of Hungary and its territorial changes] (in German). Leipzig: Johann Friedrich Gleditsch. p. 384.
  5. ^ Brachthäuser, Christian (1 October 2016). “Kloster, Krypta, Kontroversen. Zum 500. Todesjahr des Siegener Landesherrn Johann V. Graf zu Nassau, Katzenelnbogen, Vianden und Diez, Herr Breda, Grimbergen und Diest (1455–1516)” (PDF). Universitätsstadt Siegen. pp. 5–6. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  6. ^ NASA Eclipse site Visited June 4, 2015
  7. ^ Contamine, Philippe (1994). “Chapter 16: The Norman “Nation” and the French “Nation” in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries”. In Bates, David; Curry, Anne (eds.). England and Normandy in the Middle Ages (Proceedings of the conference held at the University of Reading in September 1992). The Hambledon Press. p. 226. ISBN 1-85285-083-3. OCLC 299458007.
  8. ^ Chronological Table of the Statutes. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. 1972. p. 1323 – via Google Books.
  9. ^ Ross, Charles (1999) [1981]. Richard III. Yale English Monarchs. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. pp. 208–209. ISBN 0-300-07979-6.
  10. ^ Lander, Jack (1981) [1980]. “Richard III”. Government and Community: England, 1450–1509. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 325. ISBN 0-674-35794-9.
  11. ^ Chrimes, Stanley (1999) [1972]. Henry VII. Yale English Monarchs. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. pp. 40–41. ISBN 0-300-07883-8., pp. 40–41, 342
  12. ^ Ralph Griffith (1993). Sir Rhys ap Thomas and his family: a study in the Wars of the Roses and early Tudor politics, University of Wales Press, p. 43, ISBN 0708312187.
  13. ^ Thomas Penn (2011). Winter King: Henry VII and The Dawn of Tudor England, Simon & Schuster, p. 9, ISBN 978-1-4391-9156-9
  14. ^ “Richard III dig: ‘Strong chance’ bones belong to king”. BBC News. 12 September 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2012.
  15. ^ Kennedy, Maev (4 February 2013). “Richard III: DNA confirms twisted bones belong to king”. The Guardian. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
  16. ^  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Archbold, W.A.J. (1893). “Lovell, Thomas“. In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 34. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 175–176.
  17. ^ Hart, Clive (1972). The Dream of Flight: aeronautics from classical times to the Renaissance. New York: Winchester Press.
  18. ^ Cannon, John; Hargreaves, Anne (2009). The Kings and Queens of Britain. OUP Oxford. p. 246. ISBN 9780191580284.
  19. ^ “Richard III | Biography & Facts”. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  20. ^ Gullino, Giuseppe (2011). “MOCENIGO, Giovanni”. Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Vol. 75: Miranda–Montano. Rome: Istituto dell’Enciclopedia Italiana. ISBN 978-88-12-00032-6.