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Year 475 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. In the Roman Republic, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Poplicola and Rutilus (or, less frequently, year 279 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 475 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

• Cimon leads an Athenian attack on the island of Skyros and expels the indigenous inhabitants who are regarded as pirates.^[1]
• The first recorded eruption of Mount Etna occurs.^[2]

• King Yuan of Zhou becomes king of the Zhou dynasty.

• The painter Polygnotus of Thasos begins his work (approximate date).

• Philolaus, Greek philosopher (approximate year)^[3]

• Duke Ding of Jin, ruler of Jin in ancient China (r. 511–475 BC)
• Atossa, Achaemenid queen (approximate date)