The 670s BC, or 670s BCE are the decade that runs from 679 BC to 670 BC. At the time it was known as 75-84Ab urbe condita in Rome. The denomination 670s BC for this decade has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Dominicalendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming decades.
Siomón Brecc‘s reign ends and is succeeded by Dui Finn, according to the chronology of Geoffrey Keating‘s Foras Feasa ar Éirinn.[3]
The Assyrian king Esarhaddon (r. 681 – 669 BCE), the son of Sennacherib, defeated the Cimmerians and killed their king Teušpa at Ḫubišna. Esarhaddon appears to have reached Ḫubišna by passing through the Göksu River valley and bypassing the Anti-Taurus Mountains and Tabal proper.[4][5][6][7][8][9]
Esarhaddon, is mentioned in some texts as having taken a city called Arsa near the River of Egypt, and its king Asuhili was taken back to the Assyrian capital Ninveh.
Esarhaddon campaigned in the Tabalian region against the Cimmerians from his base in Que and Ḫilakku, resulting in the defeat and killing of the Cimmerian king Teušpâ in Ḫubišna, who was succeeded by Dugdammî, and the annexation of a part of the territory of Ḫilakku and of the sub-kingdom of Kundu and Sissu in Que, whose king Sanduarri fled into the mountains, and of a part of the territory of Ḫilakku.[14][15][16][17]
Esarhaddon campaigned in Khor, destroyed Sidon, and forced Tyre into tribute from 677 to 676 BC.
The Cimmerians attacked Lydia for the third time, led by their king Lygdamis. The Lydians were defeated, Sardis was sacked, and Gyges was killed, following which he was succeeded by his son, Ardys, who was the father of Sadyattes.[18]
The Assyrians used Cimmerians in their army as mercenaries; a legal document of 679 B.C. refers to an Assyrian ‘commander of the Cimmerian regiment’; but in other Assyrian documents they are called ‘the seed of runaways who know neither vows to the gods nor oaths’[19]
The Cimmerians invade the westernmost provinces of the Assyrian Empire.[20]
Palaka of the Pradyota dynasty begins and ends reign according to Aryabhata.[citation needed]
From this year to 676 BC, Esarhaddon, forced Tyre into tribute after campaigning in Khor and destroying Sidon in 679 BC.
Esarhaddon recaptures the rebellious city of Sidon in Syria. The king of Sidon, Abdi-Milkutti, escapes by boat but is captured and executed a year later.[29]
The Elamite king Urtaku comes to power; during his reign, relations between Elam and Babylonia worsen.[32]
King Deioces dies after a 53-year reign that has established the kingdom of the Medes and its capital at Ecbatana (later Hamedan) in what will be northwest Persia. He is succeeded by his son Phraortes, who forms an anti-Assyrian alliance with the Cimmerians to subjugate the Persians and other Asian peoples.[33]
The Elamites invade Babylonia and capture Sippar. The conflict is resolved peacefully after the death of the Elamite king Khumban-khaltash II and Sippar is returned.[29]
(estimated date) Tullus Hostilius becomes the legendary third king of Rome.Tulius Hostilius
Sin-nadin-apli dies; Esarhaddon replaces him as heir with the younger son Ashurbanipal and designates his eldest son Shamash-shum-ukin as the heir to Babylon.[36]
^Bryce, Trevor (2009). The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: From the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire. London, United Kingdom: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-39485-7.
^Aro, Sanna (2023). “Vanishing kingdoms: Tabal and Tuwana during the seventh century BC”. In Draycott, Catherine M.; Branting, Scott; Lehner, Joseph W.; Özarslan, Yasemin (eds.). From Midas to Cyrus and Other Stories: Papers on Iron Age Anatolia in Honour of Geoffrey and Françoise Summers. BIAA Monograph Series. London, United Kingdom: British Institute at Ankara. pp. 113–135. ISBN 978-1-912-09011-2.
^Weeden, Mark (2023). “The Iron Age States of Central Anatolia and Northern Syria”. In Radner, Karen; Moeller, Nadine; Potts, Daniel T. (eds.). The Age of Assyria. The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East. Vol. 4. New York City, United States: Oxford University Press. pp. 912–1026. ISBN 978-0-190-68763-2.
^Zuozhuan“Duke Zhuang – 15th year – zhuan” quote: “十五年春，復會焉，齊始霸也。” translation based on Durrant, Li, & Schaberg (2016): “In the fifteenth year, in spring, they once again held a meeting there [i.e. at Juan 鄄]: Qi was for the first time acting as Overlord / Hegemon.”
^Shiji“Basic Annals of Zhou” quote: “釐王三年，齊桓公始霸。” translation: “In King Xi’s third year, Duke Huan of Qi for the first time acted as Hegemon / Overlord.”
^Durrant, Li, & Schaberg (translators) (2016). Zuo tradition: Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals. fn. 68 on p. 722. Quote: “Lord Huan of Qi and Lord Wen of Jin figure in all versions.”
^Adalı, Selim Ferruh (2017). “Cimmerians and the Scythians: the Impact of Nomadic Powers on the Assyrian Empire and the Ancient Near East”. In Kim, Hyun Jin; Vervaet, Frederik Juliaan; Adalı, Selim Ferruh (eds.). Eurasian Empires in Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages Contact and Exchange between the Graeco- Roman World, Inner Asia and China. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. pp. 60–82. ISBN 978-1-107-19041-2.
^Blakeley, Barry B. (1979), “Functional disparities in the socio-political traditions of Spring and Autumn China: Part III: Ch’u and Chin”, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 22 (1): 81–118, doi:10.2307/3632147, JSTOR3632147
^ abcdGrayson, A. K. (1970). “Assyria: Sennacherib and Esarhaddon (704–669 BC)”. The Cambridge Ancient History Volume 3 Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-3111033587.
^Ephʿal, Israel (2005). “Esarhaddon, Egypt, and Shubria: Politics and Propaganda”. Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 57 (1). University of Chicago Press: 99–111. doi:10.1086/JCS40025994. S2CID156663868.
^“Esarhaddon”. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
^Thomason, Allison Karmel (2004). “From Sennacherib’s bronzes to Taharqa’s feet: Conceptions of the material world at Nineveh”. IRAQ. 66: 155. doi:10.2307/4200570. ISSN0021-0889. JSTOR4200570. Related to the subject of entrances to buildings, the final case study that allows insight into conceptions of the material world at Nineveh and in Assyria concerns the statues of the 25th Dynasty Egyptian king Taharqa excavated at the entrance to the arsenal on Nebi Yunus. I have argued elsewhere that Egypt was a site of fascination to the Neo-Assyrian kings and that its material culture was collected throughout the period.
^Mark, Joshua J. (2014). “Esarhaddon”. Ancient History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
^Frahm, Eckart (2017). “The Neo-Assyrian Period (ca. 1000–609 BCE)”. In E. Frahm (ed.). A Companion to Assyria. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell. ISBN 978-1118325247.
^Bianconi, Michele (2021). Linguistic and Cultural Interactions between Greece and Anatolia: In Search of the Golden Fleece. Leiden: Brill Publishers. pp. 119–120. ISBN 978-9-004-46159-8.
^Greaves, Alan M., ed. (2002). Miletos: a history. London New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-203-99393-4.
^Greaves, Alan M. Miletos: A History. Routledge, 2002, pp. 74–78.
^Knight, John Brendan. The proactive and reactive stimuli of Archaic Milesian colonization in the Black Sea before 494 B.C.E. The Open University, 2012, pp. 27–43.
^Sacks, David. Encyclopedia of the Ancient Greek World. Facts on File, 2005, p. 97.
^Greaves, Alan M. Miletos: A History. Routledge, 2002, pp. 104–107.
^Wilkinson, Toby C., and Anja Slawisch. “An Agro-Pastoral Palimpsest: New Insights into the Historical Rural Economy of the Milesian Peninsula.” Anatolian Studies, vol. 70, 2020, pp. 1–26.
^N.G.L., Hammond; Griffith, G.T. (1979). A History of Macedonia Volume II: 550-336 B.C. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 4.
