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The slender grouper (Anyperodon leucogrammicus) is a species of marine ray-finned fish in the grouper family Epinephelidae. It is the only species in the genus Anyperodon.

Taxonomy

In 2014, molecular analyses based on five genes found that Anyperodon leucogrammicus is included in the same clade as species of Epinephelus. Consequently, the species should be renamed as Epinephelus leucogrammicus.[5]

Description

In Indonesia

The slender grouper is a medium-sized fish growing to a length of about 65 cm (26 in). The head occupies 40% of the total length and the mouth is large, with the lower jaw longer than the upper jaw. There are no palatine teeth, a fact which distinguishes this species from other groupers. The head and body of adults are pale reddish-brown and liberally dotted with orange spots which are closer together on the head. There are five pale silvery-blue longitudinal stripes running along the flanks, the lower three reaching the caudal fin but the upper two breaking into irregular streaks as they reach the posterior part of the body.[6] In contrast, juvenile fish have vivid blue and red longitudinal stripes.[4][7] The dorsal fin of slender groupers has 11 spines and 14-16 soft rays, while the anal fin has 3 spines and 8-9 soft rays.[4]

Distribution and habitat

The slender grouper has a wide distribution in the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans: the range extends from the east coast of Africa and the Red Sea at 32°E to southern Japan and Australia at 171°W. It is found on coral reefs and seaward reef slopes and in lagoons at a depth of usually no more than 50 m (160 ft), although it may sometimes venture to a depth of 80 m (260 ft).[4]

Ecology

The slender grouper is carnivorous, feeding mainly on other fish (such as goatfish) but possibly also on invertebrates. Juvenile slender groupers are aggressive mimics of the red-lined wrasse (Halichoeres biocellatus) and the silty wrasse (Halichoeres leucurus):[4][8] they resemble them in appearance and in behavior, which lulls a potential prey fish into a false sense of security and enables the grouper to approach it without alarming it.[9]

Conservation

The slender grouper is considered to be a Least Concern species by the IUCN; this is because it has a very wide range and populations do not seem to be in decline.[1] It is not fished commercially but is occasionally seen in the fish markets of Hong Kong[4] and of mainland China.

References

  1. ^ a b Rhodes, K. (2018). “Anyperodon leucogrammicus“. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T132787A46630137. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T132787A46630137.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ Bailly, Nicolas (2012). “Anyperodon leucogrammicus (Valenciennes, 1828)”. WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2012-04-19.
  3. ^ Bailly, Nicolas (2012). “Anyperodon Guenther, 1859″. WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2012-04-19.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). “Anyperodon leucogrammicus“. FishBase. December 2019 version.
  5. ^ Schoelinck, C.; Hinsinger, D. D.; Dettaï, A.; Cruaud, C. & Justine, J.-L. (2014). “A phylogenetic re-analysis of groupers with applications for ciguatera fish poisoning”. PLOS ONE. 9 e98198. Bibcode:2014PLoSO…998198S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0098198. PMC 4122351. PMID 25093850.
  6. ^ Slender grouper Archived April 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine World Database of Marine Species. Retrieved 2012-04-19.
  7. ^ Luther, G. Anyperodon leucogrammicus A new record from the Andaman Sea[permanent dead link] Retrieved 2012-04-19.
  8. ^ Russel B. C.; Allen, G. R.; Lubbock, H. R. (1976). “New cases of mimicry in marine fishes”. Journal of Zoology. 180 (3): 407–423. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1976.tb04685.x.
  9. ^ Aggressive mimicry The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. Retrieved 2012-04-19.