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Barva Volcano is an andesitic stratovolcano complex in central Costa Rica, 22 kilometres (14 mi) north of San José, in Heredia Province.[1] It is the highest point in Braulio Carrillo National Park at 9,534 feet (2,906 m).[2][3] One source states that it is the largest volcano in Central America by area and volume, being about 40 kilometres (25 mi) in diameter.[4]

Geology

The volcano rests on the Panama tectonic microplate.[5]

It has multiple peaks, with the three principal summits visible from the Central Valley given the name “Las Tres Marías” (“The Three Marys”) by the locals.[1] There is a 2-by-3-kilometre (1.2 by 1.9 mi) crater[1] and “at least a dozen eruptive centers on its summit and several satellite cones on its northern and southern flanks.”[6] The central and northwestern summits are made up of four cones, while the southwestern peak has at least four.[7] It has a slope angle of around 20°.[4]

One of the main craters has a lake called Laguna de Barva (Barva Lagoon) at an altitude of 8,228 feet (2,508 m), an area of 9,000 square metres (97,000 sq ft), a depth of around 7.7 metres (25 ft)[1] and spanning 70 metres (230 ft).[8] To its north, there is another volcanic crater lake, Lake Danta, spanning 500 metres (1,600 ft),[8] at around the same altitude.[9]

There are lava flows on the southern side of the volcano, with the latest, the Los Angeles flow originating from the Cerro Redondo cone,[9] almost reaching the city of Heredia.[10] The lava consists of andesites, olivine basalts, and dacites.[9][7]

Cacho Negro Volcano is part of the Barba Volcano complex.[1]

The last confirmed eruptive activity at Barva Volcano has been dated to 6,050 ± 1000 years ago.[1] There were reports of eruptions in the 1760s and in 1867, but investigations at the summit did not find evidence to confirm the reports.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j “Barva”. Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
  2. ^ “Braulio Corrillo National Park”. National System of Conservation Areas. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  3. ^ Séguin, Yves; Giguère, Francis (1999). Costa Rica. Ulysses. p. 113. ISBN 9782894641446. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  4. ^ a b Bundschuh, Jochen; Alvarado, Guillermo E., eds. (2012). Central America: Geology, Resources and Hazards. Taylor & Francis. p. 148. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  5. ^ Quesada-Román, Adolfo (ed.). Landscapes and Landforms of Costa Rica. Springer. p. 338. ISBN 978-3-031-64939-4. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  6. ^ Tassi, Franco; Vaselli, Orlando; Amador, Raul Alberto Mora, eds. (2019). Poás Volcano. Springer. p. 87. ISBN 978-3-319-02155-3. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  7. ^ a b “Volcan Barba” (in Spanish). University of Costa Rica. Archived from the original on 29 January 2010. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  8. ^ a b Davis, Stephen D.; Heywood, Vernon Hilton; Hamilton, Alan Charles, eds. (1994). Centres of Plant Diversith: The Americas. World Wide Fund for Nature, World Conservation Union. p. 203. Retrieved 18 May 2026.
  9. ^ a b c Bergoeing, Jean Pierre (2017). Geomorphology and Volcanology of Costa Rica. Elsevier. pp. 10–11. ISBN 978-0-12-812067-5. Retrieved 17 May 2026.
  10. ^ Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network. p. 18. Retrieved 18 May 2026.