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Paraphilias are sexual interests in objects, situations, or individuals that are atypical. The American Psychiatric Association, in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM), draws a distinction between paraphilias (which it describes as atypical sexual interests) and paraphilic disorders (which additionally require the experience of distress, impairment in functioning, and/or the desire to act on them with a nonconsenting person).[1][2] Some paraphilias have more than one term to describe them, and some terms overlap with others. Paraphilias without DSM codes listed come under DSM 302.9, “Paraphilia NOS (Not Otherwise Specified)”.

In his 2008 book on sexual pathologies, Anil Aggrawal compiled a list of 547 terms describing paraphilic sexual interests. He cautioned, however, that “not all these paraphilias have necessarily been seen in clinical setups. This may not be because they do not exist, but because they are so innocuous they are never brought to the notice of clinicians or dismissed by them. Like allergies, sexual arousal may occur from anything under the sun, including the sun.”[3]

Most of the following names for paraphilias, constructed in the nineteenth and especially twentieth centuries from Greek and Latin roots (see List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes), are used in medical contexts only.

Paraphilias

A

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Abasiophilia People with impaired mobility.[4]
Acomoclitism A lack of pubic hair.[5]
Acralagnia Extremities, such as fingers, toes, or earlobes.[6]
Acrotomophilia People with amputations.[7][8]
Actirasty The Sun.[9]
Acucullophilia Circumcised genitals.[10]
Agalmatophilia Statues, mannequins and immobility.[11]
Agrexophilia Having other people know about one’s sexual activities.[12]
Algolagnia Pain, particularly involving an erogenous zone; differs from masochism as there is a biologically different interpretation of the intense sensation rather than a subjective interpretation.[13]
Amaurophilia Being unable to see, i.e. blindness or the presence of a blindfold.[14][15][16]
Amelotasis Limb deformities or malformations.[17]
Amokoscisia Slashing and mutilating women.[18]
Amychophilia Scratching or being scratched.[19]
Andromimetophilia Transgender men.[4][20]
Anililagnia Attraction by young men to older women.[21]
Antholagnia Flowers.[22]
Anthropophagolagnia Raping and then cannibalizing another person.[23]
Apotemnophilia Being an amputee.[7][24]
Aquaphilia People swimming, posing, or drowning in water.
Armpit fetishism or maschalagnia Armpits.[3]
Asphyxiophilia Asphyxia or strangling of oneself or others.[7][25]
Attraction to disability People with one or more physical disabilities.[26]
Autagonistophilia Being on stage or on camera.[27][28]
Autassassinophilia Being in life-threatening situations.[7]
Autoanilingus Fantasizing about performing anilingus on oneself.[29]
Autoerotic asphyxiation Self-induced asphyxiation, sometimes to the point of near unconsciousness.[28]
Autofellatio Performing oral sex on oneself (male).[30][31]
Autohemofetishism Making oneself bleed, a type of hematolagnia.[32]
Autonepiophilia The image of oneself in the form of an infant.[27]
Autopedophilia The image of oneself in the form of a child.[33]
Autoplushophilia The image of oneself in the form of a plush.[33]
Autovampirism/vampirism The image of oneself in the form of a vampire.[34][35][36] Involves ingesting or seeing one’s own blood.[32]
Autozoophilia The image of oneself in the form of an animal.[37][38]

B

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Belly fetishism or alvinolagnia The midriff or belly.
Biastophilia or raptophilia Raping a person, possibly as a consensual rape fantasy.
Body inflation fetishism Fantasizing about the inflation of body parts.[39]
Body modification fetishism Tattoos, piercings, scarification, and other body alterations.[40]
Bondage Being tied up or physically restrained.[7][27]
Breast fetishism or mazophilia Female breasts.

C

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Cacophilia Loud or unpleasant sounds.[41]
Candaulism Exposing one’s partner or images of their partner to others.
Cannibalism or anthropophagy Ingesting human flesh.[23]
Canophilia Dogs.[42]
Capnolagnia Smoking.[43]
Catoptrophilia Mirrors or reflections.[44]
Cenophilia Empty spaces or voids.[45]
Cheirophilia Hands or hand contact.[46]
Chremastistophilia Being robbed or held up.[27]
Chronophilia Partners of a widely differing chronological age.[27]
Claustrophilia Confined or enclosed spaces.[47]
Climacophilia Falling down stairs.[48]
Clothing fetishism Specific garments such as lingerie, uniforms, or latex wear.[49]
Coprophilia (also fecophilia, scatophilia) Feces.[2][50]
Coulrophilia Clowns.[51]
Crush fetishism Crushing objects or small animals.[52]
Cryophilia Ice or cold temperatures.[53]
Cuckolding fetishism or troilism Observing one’s partner engaged in sexual activities with another person.[54][4][28]

D

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Dacnophilia Biting or being bitten.[55]
Dacryphilia Tears or crying.[56]
Dendrophilia Trees.[7]
Diaper fetishism Diapers; considerable overlap with paraphilic infantilism.[57]
Dippoldism Corporal punishment of children.[58]
Doll fetishism or Dollophilia Dolls, especially life-sized or sexualized ones.[59]
Dysmorphophilia One’s own perceived physical deformities.[60]

E

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Ecdysiophilia Stripteasing or undressing.[61]
Electrophilia Electricity or electric stimulation, including shocks.[62]
Emetolagnia Watching others vomit (distinct from emetophilia).[63]
Emetophilia Vomit.[4]
Enopliophilia Weapons or armed individuals.[64]
Entomophilia Insects.[65]
Eproctophilia Flatulence.[3]
Erotophonophilia or dacnolagnomania Murder, often of strangers.[23]
Exhibitionism or peodeiktophilia Exposing one’s genitals to unsuspecting and nonconsenting others.[2][7]
Exophilia Extraterrestrials.[66]

F

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Fat fetishism or adipophilia Overweight or obese people.[67]
Feederism Eating, feeding, and weight gain.[68]
Food play or sitophilia Erotic situations involving food.
Foot fetishism or podophilia Feet.[69]
Formicophilia Being crawled on by insects.[27][70]
Forniphilia Turning a human being into a piece of furniture.
Free use Being “used” sexually by a sexual partner whenever they are aroused.[71]
Frotteurism Rubbing against a non-consenting person.[2]

G

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Galactophilia Breast milk or lactation.[72]
Galeophilia Sharks.[73]
Gargalophilia Tickling or being tickled.[74]
Gerontophilia Elderly people.[75]
Globophilia Balloons, including inflating, popping, or rubbing them.[76]
Gymnophilia Erotic interest in nudity or naked bodies.[77]
Gynandromorphophilia or gynemimetophilia Transgender women.[4][78]
Gynephilia Females or femininity, regardless of one’s own sex or gender identity.[79]

H

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Hair fetishism or trichophilia Hair.[80]
Hand fetishism or cheirophilia Hands.
Hematolagnia Drinking or looking at blood.[81]
Heterophilia Idealization of heterosexuality and/or people who are “straight-acting”, especially by non-heterosexual people.[82][83][84]
Hierophilia Religious/sacred objects.[16]
Hirsutophilia Body hair, especially excessive hair.[85]
Homilophilia Sermons or religious preaching.[86]
Homophilia Idealization or erotic preference for same-sex partners, especially by non-homosexual individuals.[87]
Hoplophilia Firearms, guns.[88]
Humiliation fetishism or Humiliophilia Humiliation or humiliating others.[89]
Hybristophilia Criminals, particularly those who committed cruel or outrageous crimes.[27][90]

I

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Ichthyophilia Fish.[91]
Iconophilia Religious or sacred images.[92]
Igniphilia Fire or flames.[93]
Impregnation fetishism The event of being impregnated or impregnating another person.[94]
Infantophilia Children less than five years old; a recently suggested term that is not in general use.[95]
Integumentophilia Skin or skin contact.[96]

J

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Jactitation fetishism Thrashing or violent bodily movements.[97]
Jelly fetishism Gelatinous substances such as jelly or slime.[98]
Jouissance fetishism Overwhelming pleasure or ecstatic states, often linked to loss of control.[99]
Juvenilophilia Juveniles, typically older children or young adolescents (distinct from hebephilia).[100]

K

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Katoptronophilia Mirrors.[101]
Kleptolagnia or kleptophilia Stealing;[4] a form of kleptomania.
Klismaphilia Enemas, arousal and enjoyment in receiving, administering, or both.[4][102]

L

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Lactophilia or galactophilia Breast milk, breastfeeding or sucking on a woman’s breasts.[80][103]
Leg fetishism or crurophilia Legs.[104]
Liquidophilia Immersing genitals in liquids.[80]

M

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Macrophilia Giant beings; imagined growth of beings.[80]
Masochism Suffering or humiliation; being beaten, bound, or otherwise abused.[2]
Mechanophilia Cars or other machines; also “mechaphilia”.[105][106][107]
Melolagnia Music.[108]
Menophilia Menstruation.[80]
Metrophilia Poetry.[108]
Microphilia Shrunken beings; imagined shrinking of beings.[80]
Morphophilia Particular body shapes or sizes.[28]
Mucophilia Mucus.[80]
Mysophilia Dirtiness, soiled or decaying things.[4]

N

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Narratophilia Obscene words.[4]
Navel fetishism or alvinophilia Navels.
Necrophilia Corpses.[2][4][109]
Nose fetishism or nasophilia Noses.[80]

O

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Objectophilia Specific inanimate objects.[2]
Oculolinctus The act of licking the eyes of another person for the purpose of gratification.
Odaxelagnia Biting or being bitten.
Olfactophilia or bromidrophilia Smells and odors (particularly foul ones) emanating from the body, especially the sexual areas and/or from the opposite sex (as from bad breath, urine, feces, flatulence, etc.).[4][27]
Omorashi Having a full bladder and/or wetting oneself, or from seeing someone else experiencing a full bladder and/or wetting themself.

P

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Paraphilic infantilism (also autonepiophilia, adult baby syndrome) Dressing or being treated like a baby;[27][110] considerable overlap with diaper fetishism.[57]
Partialism Specific, non-genital body parts.[2][4]
Pedophilia Preadolescent children; also spelled paedophilia.[2][111]
Pedovestism Dressing like a child.[112]
Pictophilia Pornography or erotic art, particularly pictures.[4][27]
Piquerism Piercing the flesh of another person, most commonly by stabbing or cutting the body with sharp objects.[113]
Plushophilia Stuffed toys (“plushies”).[114]
Pregnancy fetishism or maiesiophilia Pregnant women.[115]
Pygophilia Buttocks.[116]
Pyrophilia Fire.[117]

R

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Robot fetishism or robophilia Humanoid robots.

S

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Sadism Inflicting pain on others.[2]
Salirophilia Soiling or dirtying others.[4]
Sexual fetishism Nonliving objects.[2]
Shoe fetishism Shoes, especially high heels.
Somnophilia or dormaphilia Being asleep or unconscious, or pretending to be asleep or unconscious.[4][27][118]
Sophophilia Learning.[119]
Sthenolagnia Muscles and displays of strength.[80]
Stigmatophilia Body piercings and tattoos.[7][80]
Symphorophilia Witnessing or staging disasters such as car accidents.[7]

T

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Telephone Scatologia (also scatophilia, telephonicophilia) Obscene phone calls, particularly to strangers.[2][27][120]
Tentacle erotica Tentacles and tentacle creatures
Teratophilia Deformed or monstrous people.[3] The term is also sometimes used in a more literal sense (from ancient Greek τέρας, teras, meaning monster) for attraction to monstrous mythical and fictional creatures such as werewolves.
Tickling fetishism or knismolagnia Tickling.[121]
Timophilia Gold, wealth, or social status.[122]
Toucherism Touching an unsuspecting, non-consenting person with the hand.[123]
Toxophilia Archery.[108]
Transvestic fetishism Cross-dressing.[124]

U

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Urolagnia or water sports Urination, particularly in public, on others, and/or being urinated on.[2][4][27][28]

V

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Vorarephilia or vore The idea of one person or creature eating or being eaten by another; usually swallowed whole, in one piece.[125]
Voyeurism or scopophilia Watching unsuspecting people while naked/undressing, engaging in sexual intercourse or other sexual activity, using the toilet, showering/bathing, or inadvertently flashing.[2][28]

W

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Wet and messy fetishism Messy situations, including, but not limited to, being pied, slimed, or covered in mud.
Wetlook The wearing of wet clothing.

X

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Xenophilia Foreign peoples, cultures, or customs.[126]

Z

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Zoophilia Non-human animals.[2][4][27]
Zoosadism Inflicting pain on animals, or seeing animals in pain.[127]

See also

References

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