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Not to be confused with camphine, a lamp fuel.

Camphene is a bicyclic organic compound. It is one of the most pervasive monoterpenes. As with other terpenes, it is insoluble in water, flammable, colorless, and has a pungent smell.[2] It is a minor constituent of many essential oils such as turpentine, cypress oil, camphor oil, citronella oil, neroli, ginger oil, valerian, and mango.[3] It is produced industrially by isomerization of the more common alpha-pinene using a solid acid catalyst such as titanium dioxide.[4]

Camphene is used in the preparation of fragrances and as a food additive for flavoring. These include isobornyl acetate. The aroma of the racemate is described as woody, herbal, fir needle, camphoreous, terpenic, cooling, pine, citrus, green, minty, and spicy.[5] The aroma of dextro enantiomer is described as fresh, herbal, woody, fir needle, and camphoreous,[6] whereas that of the laevo enantiomer is fresh, woody, fir needle, and terpenic.[7]

Biosynthesis

Camphene is biosynthesized from linalyl pyrophosphate via a sequence of carbocationic intermediates.[8]

Biosynthesis of camphene (one enantiomer) from linalyl pyrophosphate.[8]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Merck Index, 11th Edition, 1736
  2. ^ Eggersdorfer, Manfred (2000). “Terpenes”. Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a26_205. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
  3. ^ Pino, Jorge A.; Mesa, Judith; Muñoz, Yamilie; Martí, M. Pilar; Marbot, Rolando (2005). “Volatile Components from Mango (Mangifera indicaL.) Cultivars”. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 53 (6): 2213–2223. doi:10.1021/jf0402633. PMID 15769159.
  4. ^ Sell, Charles S. (2006). “Terpenoids”. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. doi:10.1002/0471238961.2005181602120504.a01.pub2. ISBN 0471238961.
  5. ^ “camphene”. Scents and Flavors. Scents and Flavors. Retrieved 26 March 2026.
  6. ^ “(+)-camphene”. Scents and Flavors. Scents and Flavors. Retrieved 26 March 2026.
  7. ^ “(-)-camphene”. Scents and Flavors. Scents and Flavors. Retrieved 26 March 2026.
  8. ^ a b Croteau, R.; Satterwhite, D. M.; Cane, D. E.; Chang, C. C. (1988). “Biosynthesis of Monoterpenes. Enantioselectivity in the Enzymatic Cyclization of (+)- and (-)-Linalyl Pyrophosphate to (+)- and (-)-Pinene and (+)- and (-)-Camphene”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 263 (21): 10063–71. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)81477-1. PMID 3392006.