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This article is about an unstable molecule; not to be confused with CS gas, a tear gas; or caesium, an element with symbol Cs.

Carbon monosulfide is a chemical compound with the formula CS. This diatomic molecule is the sulfur analogue of carbon monoxide, and is unstable as a solid or a liquid, but it has been observed as a gas both in the laboratory and in the interstellar medium.[1] The molecule resembles carbon monoxide with a triple bond between carbon and sulfur. The molecule is not intrinsically unstable, but it tends to polymerize in sunlight to a brown mass, as first discovered in 1868 and 1872.[2] The polymer is quite stable, decomposing a little at 360 °C to carbon disulfide. This tendency towards polymerization reflects the greater stability of C–S single bonds.

Polymers with the formula (CS)n have been reported,[3] and the formal dimer is ethenedithione. Also, CS has been observed as a ligand in some transition metal thiocarbonyl complexes such as Fe(CO)4CS.[4]

The simplest carbon monosulfide synthesis decomposes carbon disulfide in a high-voltage AC arc.[5]

In Astronomy

Carbon monosulfide is significant for being one of the first-detected sulfur compounds in the interstellar medium.[6] It was discovered via radio observations in the Orion region.

Carbon monosulfide was observed in the stratosphere of Jupiter following the collision of comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 with the planet in 1994.[7] Though decreased in total mass by 90%, concentrations of CS were detected 19 years after the impact with the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment.[8]

References

  1. ^ Wilson, R. W.; Penzias, A. A.; Wannier, P. G.; Linke, R. A. (1976). “Isotopic abundances in interstellar carbon monosulfide”. Astrophysical Journal. 204 (pt 2): L135–L137. Bibcode:1976ApJ…204L.135W. doi:10.1086/182072.
  2. ^
    • Discovery in 1868: Loew, Oscar (1868). “Notiz über die Wirkung des Sonnenlichts auf Kohlenbisulfid“, from Zeitschrift für Chemie, vol. 11 issue 4, p. 622 — via the Munich Digitization Center.
    • History and subsequent elucidation of the polymer: Dewar, James; Owen Jones, Humphrey (1910). “Note on carbon monosulphide”, from Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, volume 83 issue 564, pp. 408–413. doi:10.1098/rspa.1910.0029
  3. ^ Chou, J.-H.; Rauchfuss, T. B. (1997). “Solvatothermal Routes to Poly(Carbon Monosulfide)s Using Kinetically Stabilized Precursors” (PDF). Journal of the American Chemical Society. 119 (19): 4537–4538. Bibcode:1997JAChS.119.4537C. doi:10.1021/ja970042w.
  4. ^ Petz, W. (2008). “40 Years of Transition-Metal Thiocarbonyl Chemistry and the Related CSe and CTe Compounds”. Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 252 (15–17): 1689–1733. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2007.12.011.
  5. ^ Moltzen, Ejner K.; Klabunde, Kenneth J.; and Senning, Alexander (1988). “Carbon monosulfide”, from Chemical Reviews, vol. 88 issue 2, pp. 391-406. doi:10.1021/cr00084a003.
  6. ^ Penzias, A. A.; Solomon, P. M.; Wilson, R. W.; Jefferts, K. B. (1971). “Interstellar Carbon Monosulfide”. The Astrophysical Journal. 168: L53. Bibcode:1971ApJ…168L..53P. doi:10.1086/180784. ISSN 0004-637X.
  7. ^ Rodríguez-Ovalle, Pablo; Fouchet, Thierry; Cavalié, Thibault; Lellouch, Emmanuel; Fletcher, Leigh N.; Harkett, Jake; Hue, Vincent; Benmahi, Bilal; de Pater, Imke (2025). “JWST observations of exogenic species on Jupiter: HCN, H 2 O, and CO 2”. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 696: A173. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202453575. ISSN 0004-6361.
  8. ^ Iino, T.; Ohyama, H.; Hirahara, Y.; Takahashi, T.; Tsukagoshi, T. (2016-12-01). “SUBMILLIMETER OBSERVATION OF JUPITER’S STRATOSPHERIC COMPOSITION: DETECTION OF CARBON MONOSULFIDE (J = 7 − 6) 19 YEARS AFTER THE COMETARY IMPACT”. The Astronomical Journal. 152 (6): 179. arXiv:1610.02802. Bibcode:2016AJ….152..179I. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/6/179. ISSN 0004-6256.