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Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is a phthalate used as a plasticizer. DINP is typically a mixture of chemical compounds consisting of various isononyl esters of phthalic acid۔

Use

It is commonly used in a large variety of plastic products including:

  • Plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC)[2]
  • Construction and building material
  • Fuel and automotive products
  • In electronics materials (as a flexible vinyl additive)[3]
  • As cable insulation additive
  • Adhesives and sealants
  • Paints and coatings
  • Rubber products.

Health issues

The European Union has set a maximum specific migration limit (SML) from food contact materials of 9 mg/kg food for the sum of diisononyl phthalates and diisodecyl phthalates.[4]

DINP is listed as a substance “known to the State of California to cause cancer” under Proposition 65 legislation.[5]

Studies find that exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of DINP in zebrafish disrupt the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and affect reproduction in a gender specific manner,[6] and have other adverse effects on aquatic organisms, as DINP upregulates orexigenic signals and causes hepatosteatosis together with deregulation of the peripheral ECS and lipid metabolism.[7]

The ECHA‘s Risk Assessment Committee (RAC) has concluded, on March 7, 2018, that Di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) does not warrant classification for reprotoxic effects under the EU’s Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) regulations.[8]

Children and childcare products are strictly regulated by regulatory organizations.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ Diisononyl phthalate at Inchem.org
  2. ^ “Risk Evaluation for Diisononyl phthalate (1,2-Benzene- dicarboxylic acid, 1,2- diisononyl ester) (DINP)”. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 2020-10-29. Retrieved 2025-05-13.
  3. ^ a b “Diisononyl Phthalate Alternatives For A Safer Environment”. 2025-04-17. Retrieved 2025-05-13.
  4. ^ “EU legislative list for food contact materials”.
  5. ^ “State of California, Chemicals known to the state to cause cancer or reproductive toxicity, January 3, 2014” (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-01-10.
  6. ^ Forner-Piquer, Isabel; Santangeli, Stefania; Maradonna, Francesca; Rabbito, Alessandro; Piscitelli, Fabiana; Habibi, Hamid R.; Di Marzo, Vincenzo; Carnevali, Oliana (2018-10-01). “Disruption of the gonadal endocannabinoid system in zebrafish exposed to diisononyl phthalate”. Environmental Pollution. 241: 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.007. ISSN 0269-7491. PMID 29793103. S2CID 44120848.
  7. ^ Forner-Piquer, Isabel; Maradonna, Francesca; Gioacchini, Giorgia; Santangeli, Stefania; Allarà, Marco; Piscitelli, Fabiana; Habibi, Hamid R; Di Marzo, Vincenzo; Carnevali, Oliana (2017-08-14). “Dose-Specific Effects of Di-Isononyl Phthalate on the Endocannabinoid System and on Liver of Female Zebrafish”. Endocrinology. 158 (10): 3462–3476. doi:10.1210/en.2017-00458. ISSN 0013-7227. PMID 28938452.
  8. ^ “Evaluation of new scientific evidence concerning DINP and DIDP”. European Chemicals Agency. Archived from the original on 2022-09-01. Retrieved 2020-01-26.