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Dinodnavirus is a genus of viruses that infect dinoflagellates.[1] This genus belongs to the clade of nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses. The only species in the genus is Heterocapsa circularisquama DNA virus 01 (Dinodnavirus heterocapsae).[2][3]

Name

The order name, Dinodnavirales, is a combination of Dino, from host dinoflagellate and dna, from its DNA genome.[4]

Virology

The virus has an icosahedral capsid 180–210 nanometers in diameter.[5]

The genome is a single molecule of double stranded DNA of about 356-kilobases.[5]

It infects the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama.[6]

During replication virions emerge from a specific cytoplasm compartment – the ‘viroplasm’ – which is created by the virus.[7]

Taxonomy

DNA studies have shown that the genus belongs in the family Asfarviridae.[8][9]

References

  1. ^ Tarutani K, Nagasaki K, Itakura S, Yamaguchi M (2001) Isolation of a virus infecting the novel shellfish-killing dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama. Aquat Microb Ecol 23:103–111
  2. ^ “Virus Taxonomy: 2025 Release”. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 26 March 2026.
  3. ^ “Taxon Details: Dinodnavirus heterocapsae“. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 26 March 2026.
  4. ^ “Proposal 2009.001a-fF.A.v6.Dinodnavirus.pdf Pdf” (PDF). International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  5. ^ a b “Dinodnavirus”. ViralZone. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Retrieved 28 March 2025.
  6. ^ Takano Y, Tomaru Y, Nagasaki K (11 October 2018). “Visualization of a Dinoflagellate-Infecting Virus HcDNAV and Its Infection Process”. Viruses. 10 (10): 554. doi:10.3390/v10100554. PMC 6212932. PMID 30314306.
  7. ^ Nagasaki K, Tomaru Y, Tarutani K, Katanozaka N, Yamanaka S, Tanabe H, Yamaguchi M (2003) Growth characteristics and intraspecies host specificity of a large virus infecting the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:2580–2586
  8. ^ Ogata H, Toyoda K, Tomaru Y, Nakayama N, Shirai Y, Claverie JM, Nagasaki K (2009) Remarkable sequence similarity between the dinoflagellate-infecting marine girus and the terrestrial pathogen African swine fever virus. Virol J 6:178
  9. ^ Karki, Sangita; Moniruzzaman, Mohammad; Aylward, Frank O. (2021). “Comparative Genomics and Environmental Distribution of Large dsDNA Viruses in the Family Asfarviridae”. Frontiers in Microbiology. 12 657471. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.657471. PMC 8005611. PMID 33790885.