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Summary
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English: Evolution of early arabic calligraphy (9th – 11th century). The Basmala was taken as an exemple, from kufic Qur’an manuscripts. (1) Early 9th century. script with no dots or diacritic marks Image:Basmala_kufi.svg; (2) and (3)9th – 10th century under the Abbasid dynasty, Abu al-Aswad’s system established red dots with each arrangement or position indicating a different short vowel. Later, a second black dots system was used to differentiate between letters like “fāʼ” and “qāf” Image:Kufi.jpg Image:Kufi.jpg; (4) 11th century, In Al Farāhídi’s system (the system we know today), dots were changed into shapes resembling the letters to transcribe the corresponding long vowels Image:Qur’an folio 11th century kufic.jpg.
Русский язык: На картинке изображена эволюция системы арабского письма с 9 века по 11-ый: 1) Куфический почерк без диакритических точек и без огласовок 2) Система письма, принятая Абуль Асуадом ад-Дуали. Огласовки изображались красными точками. Короткая гласная (а) обозначалась точкой над буквой, (и) – точка внизу, (у) – точка перед буквой, а две точки указывали на танвин. 3) Появляются диакритические знаки. Но красные значки остаются. 4) Система, выработанная Халилем ибн Ахмадом аль-Фарахиди и используемая по сей день. Специальные символы обозначают огласовки, а диакритические знаки указывают на различные буквы. العربية: مثال على تطور نظام الكتابة العربية من القرن التاسع إلى القرن الحادي عشر، (1) البسملة كتبت بخط كوفي غير منقط ولا مشكّلImage:Basmala kufi.svg، (2) نظام أبو الأسود الدؤلي المبكر و يعتمد على تمثيل الحركات بنقاط حمراء تكتب فوق الحرف (الرفعة)، تحته (الكسرة)، أو بين يديه (ضمّة) ، و تستعمل النقطتين للتنوين Image:Kufi.jpg (3) تطور النظام بتنقيط الحروف (4) نظام الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيدي، المستعمل إلى اليوم، وضع رموزا مختلفة للحركات فيما تبقى النقاط لتمييز الحروفImage:Qur’an folio 11th century kufic.jpg. |
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| Author | GYassineMrabetTalk |
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inception
20 May 2008
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