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Pursuant to the California Public Records Act (Government Code § 7920 et seq.) “Public records” include “any writing containing information relating to the conduct of the public’s business prepared, owned, used, or retained by any state or local agency regardless of physical form or characteristics.” (Cal. Gov’t. Code § 7920.530.) notes that “[a]ll public records are subject to disclosure unless the Public Records Act expressly provides otherwise.” County of Santa Clara v. CFAC California Government Code § 7923 et seq. lists categories of documents not subject to disclosure under the Public Records Act. In addition, computer software is not considered a public record, while data and statistics collected (whether collected knowingly or unknowingly) by a government authority whose powers derive from the laws of California are public records (such as license plate reader images) pursuant to EFF & ACLU of Southern California v. Los Angeles Police Department & Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department and are not exempt from disclosure and are public records.

Although the act only covers “writing,” the Act, pursuant to Government Code § 7920.545, states: “Writing” means any handwriting, typewriting, printing, photostating, photographing, photocopying, transmitting by electronic mail or facsimile, and every other means of recording upon any tangible thing any form of communication or representation, including letters, words, pictures, sounds, or symbols, or combinations thereof, and any record thereby created, regardless of the manner in which the record has been stored.

California’s Constitution and its statutes do not permit any agency to claim copyright for “public records” unless authorized to do so by law. The following agencies are permitted to claim copyright and any works of these agencies should be assumed to be copyrighted outside of the United States without clear evidence to the contrary:

• County boards of education. See Education Code § 1044.
• School districts. See Education Code § 35170.
• Community college districts. See Education Code § 72207.
• The Department of Toxic Substances Control. See Health & Safety Code §§ 25111, 25201.11.
• The Health and Human Services Agency (as to certain specified deliverables relating to the health information exchange). See Health & Safety Code § 130251.15.
• The Commission on Judicial Appointments (as to certain recordings). Commission on Judicial Appointments, Guideline 7.
• The California Education Information System. See Education Code §§ 10601, 10603.
• The State Fire Marshal (as to promotional examinations). See Health & Safety Code § 13159.8.