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GJ 357 (Gliese 357) is an M-type main sequence star with an unusually low star spot activity.[10] It is located 31 light-years from the Solar System,[11] in the Hydra constellation.[11]

Planetary system

The star has three confirmed exoplanets in its orbit. [12] One of these, Gliese 357 d, is considered to be a “super-Earth” within the circumstellar habitable zone.[13][11][14][15]

Transmission spectroscopy of the planet b with JWST in 2025 found no clear evidence for atmospheric molecules, although a secondary atmosphere is considered likely to exist.[16] Similarly, another 2025 analysis of the JWST transmission spectrum found no atmospheric molecules, but was able to rule out an atmosphere composed mainly of low-molar mass molecules (less than 8 g/mol) and an abundance of metals less than 300 times that of the Sun.[17]

The Gliese 357 planetary system[18]
Companion
(in order from star) 		Mass Semimajor axis
(AU) 		Orbital period
(days) 		Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b 1.83±0.30[7] M🜨 0.035±0.002 3.93072+0.00008
−0.00006 		0.047+0.059
−0.047 		89.12+0.37
−0.31° 		1.21±0.05[7] R🜨
c ≥3.40±0.46 M🜨 0.061±0.004 9.1247+0.0011
−0.0010 		0.072±0.053 — —
d ≥6.1±1.0 M🜨 0.204±0.015 55.661±0.055 0.033+0.057
−0.033 		— —

References

  1. ^ Roman, Nancy G. (1987). “Identification of a constellation from a position”. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 99 (617): 695. Bibcode:1987PASP…99..695R. doi:10.1086/132034. Constellation record for this object at VizieR.
  2. ^ a b c d e Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). “Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties”. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A…674A…1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  3. ^ Koen, C.; Kilkenny, D.; Van Wyk, F.; Marang, F. (2010). “UBV(RI)C JHK observations of Hipparcos-selected nearby stars”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 403 (4): 1949. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.403.1949K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16182.x.
  4. ^ a b c Passegger, V. M.; Reiners, Ansgar; Jeffers, S. V.; Wende-von Berg, S.; Schöfer, P.; Caballero, J. A.; Schweitzer, A.; Amado, P. J.; Béjar, V. J. S.; Cortés-Contreras, M.; Hatzes, A. P.; Kürster, M.; Montes, D.; Pedraz, S.; Quirrenbach, A.; Ribas, I.; Seifert, W. (2018). “The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs. Photospheric parameters of target stars from high-resolution spectroscopy”. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 615: A6. arXiv:1802.02946. Bibcode:2018A&A…615A…6P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201732312. S2CID 55639432.
  5. ^ Gray, R. O.; Corbally, C. J.; Garrison, R. F.; McFadden, M. T.; Bubar, E. J.; McGahee, C. E.; O’Donoghue, A. A.; Knox, E. R. (2006). “Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 pc-The Southern Sample”. The Astronomical Journal. 132 (1): 161–170. arXiv:astro-ph/0603770. Bibcode:2006AJ….132..161G. doi:10.1086/504637. S2CID 119476992.
  6. ^ Houdebine, E. R.; Mullan, D. J.; Paletou, F.; Gebran, M.; Bubar, E. J.; McGahee, C. E.; O’Donoghue, A. A.; Knox, E. R. (2016). “Rotation-Activity Correlations in K and M Dwarfs. I. Stellar Parameters and Compilations of v sin I and P/Sin I for a Large Sample of Late-K and M Dwarfs”. The Astrophysical Journal. 822 (2): 97. arXiv:1604.07920. Bibcode:2016ApJ…822…97H. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/822/2/97. S2CID 119118088.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Weisserman, Drew; Gromek, Nicole; Cloutier, Ryan; Bali, Komal; Cadieux, Charles; Plotnykov, Mykhaylo; L’Heureux, Alexandrine; Srivastava, Avidaan; Carmona, Andres (2026-04-08). “Super-Earth masses and stellar abundances from NIRPS reveal tentative evidence for water-rich formation around M dwarfs”. Astronomy & Astrophysics. arXiv:2604.07447.
  8. ^ Morales, J. C.; Ribas, I.; Jordi, C.; McFadden, M. T.; Bubar, E. J.; McGahee, C. E.; O’Donoghue, A. A.; Knox, E. R. (2008). “The effect of activity on stellar temperatures and radii”. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 478 (2): 507. arXiv:0711.3523. Bibcode:2008A&A…478..507M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078324. S2CID 16238033.
  9. ^ Suárez Mascareño, A.; Rebolo, R.; González Hernández, J. I.; Esposito, M. (2015). “Rotation periods of late-type dwarf stars from time series high-resolution spectroscopy of chromospheric indicators”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 452 (3): 2745–2756. arXiv:1506.08039. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.452.2745S. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv1441.
  10. ^ Modirrousta-Galian, D.; Stelzer, B.; Magaudda, E.; Maldonado, J.; Güdel, M.; Sanz-Forcada, J.; Edwards, B.; Micela, G. (2020). “A Super-Earth Orbiting an Extremely Inactive Host Star”. Astronomy & Astrophysics. A113: 641. arXiv:2007.10262. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038280. S2CID 220647396.
  11. ^ a b c Reddy, Francis; Center, NASA’s Goddard Space Flight (2019-07-31). “TESS Discovers Habitable Zone Planet in GJ 357 System”. SciTechDaily. Archived from the original on 2019-08-01. Retrieved 2019-08-01.
  12. ^ “The Extrasolar Planet Encyclopaedia — Gj 357 b”. Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. 1995. Archived from the original on 2023-11-07. Retrieved 2019-08-01.
  13. ^ Falconer, Rebecca, Newly uncovered super-Earth 31 light-years away may be habitable Archived 2019-12-18 at the Wayback Machine, Axios, August 1, 2019
  14. ^ “Potentially habitable ‘super-Earth’ discovered just 31 light-years away”. NBC News. 31 July 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-07-31. Retrieved 2019-08-01.
  15. ^ Garner, Rob (2019-07-30). “NASA’s TESS Helps Find Intriguing New World”. NASA. Archived from the original on 2019-08-01. Retrieved 2019-08-01.
  16. ^ Taylor, Jake; Radica, Michael; Chatterjee, Richard D.; Hammond, Mark; Meier, Tobias; Aigrain, Suzanne; MacDonald, Ryan J.; Albert, Loic; Benneke, Björn; Coulombe, Louis-Philippe; Cowan, Nicolas B.; Dang, Lisa; Doyon, René; Flagg, Laura; Johnstone, Doug; Kaltenegger, Lisa; Lafrenière, David; Pelletier, Stefan; Piaulet-Ghorayeb, Caroline; Rowe, Jason F.; Roy, Pierre-Alexis (2025). “JWST NIRISS Transmission Spectroscopy of the Super-Earth GJ 357b, a Favourable Target for Atmospheric Retention”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 540 (4): 3677. arXiv:2505.24462. Bibcode:2025MNRAS.540.3677T. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf894.
  17. ^ Redai, Jea Adams; Wogan, Nicholas; Wallack, Nicole L.; Alam, Munazza K.; Aguichine, Artyom; Wolfgang, Angie; Wakeford, Hannah R.; Teske, Johanna; Scarsdale, Nicholas (2025-07-09). “JWST COMPASS: A NIRSpec G395H Transmission Spectrum of the Super-Earth GJ 357 b”. The Astronomical Journal. 170 (4): 219. arXiv:2507.07165. Bibcode:2025AJ….170..219A. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/adee92.
  18. ^ Luque, R.; Pallé, E.; et al. (August 2019). “Planetary system around the nearby M dwarf GJ 357 including a transiting, hot, Earth-sized planet optimal for atmospheric characterization”. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 628: A39. arXiv:1904.12818. Bibcode:2019A&A…628A..39L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201935801. S2CID 139102184.