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General Pacheco is a city in the Tigre Partido of the urban agglomeration of Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is a suburb located approximately 38 km north of downtown Buenos Aires and just a few blocks away from the Pan-American Highway.[1] According to the 2001 census, General Pacheco had 43,287 inhabitants, making it the second most populous city in Tigre.

History

The city of General Pacheco is named for General Ángel Pacheco (1793–1869), an Argentine military officer who fought alongside José de San Martín and later served as a commander under Juan Manuel de Rosas during the Argentine War of Independence and the Argentine Civil Wars. The present-day city is built on the site of Pacheco’s rural estate, known as the Estancia El Talar de Pacheco. A school and chapel built on lands originally belonging to this estate were inaugurated on 4 May 1886.

Economy

Several major corporations in various industries have manufacturing facilities and assembly plants located in General Pacheco or nearby. Kraft Foods is located in the area and the Techint Group has an industrial plant there. In 2006, there were 161 occupied factories with a total of 7,135 workers.[2]

The shortwave-transmitter of Radiodifusión Argentina al Exterior (RAE), Argentina’s state-owned international broadcaster, is located in General Pacheco and can be heard all over the world.

Motor industry

General Pacheco is home to Ford Motor Argentina and Volkswagen Argentina. Argentina’s assembly sector includes these two along with CIADEA, Sevel, General Motors, FIAT, Toyota and Autolatina.[3] This sector is composed of 400 firms and 35,700 employees and contributes to 0.45 percent of the country’s GDP, accounting for 16% of the automotive industry’s output.[3]

Ford Argentina’s Pacheco Stamping and Assembly factory was constructed in the city of General Pacheco in 1961[4] and produced the Ford Falcon from 1962 to 1991.[5] After its establishment, through modifications in indigenous institutional arrangements, Argentina quickly became the thirteenth largest exporter of automobiles worldwide.[4][3]

These large industries have direct impacts on populations that usually go unrecognized, which are also the populations that do most of the work for the industry.[6] Ford hired a workforce in which 90 percent had a high school education but only one-third had a university degree. Assembly plants like the Ford Falcon plant rely primarily on young, educated workers with little industrial experience.[5] Workers generally come into the motor industry at around the age of 23, usually working in agriculture first.[5] A combination of school and training became central to the plant’s operation in order to continue to manufacture automobiles.[5]

According to information provided by Autolatina, 49 percent of the workers in these plants have completed elementary school, 19 percent have completed secondary school and only 6 percent have a university degree.[5] The locations of schools and large numbers of educated laborers become a new component in defining the geographical organization of the motor industry. For example, Henry Ford Technical School is located in General Pacheco and strives to educate its students in excellent technical skills in order to prepare them for the motor industry.

The Argentine motor industry has scarce resources in terms of competitiveness but it is an achieving world-class economy of scale in the production of automotive transmissions.[5]

Food industry

The main production plant of Kraft Foods Argentina (KFTA) is located in General Pacheco.[1] In 2009, there was a major H1N1 influenza outbreak which began in Mexico in late March and made its way to Argentina that same year. This outbreak had a direct effect on the workers of the company.[1] 150 workers were laid off, making it the largest labor-management conflict in Argentina in 2009. This led to a picket on the Pan-American Highway. The workers asked for a raise in salary of 70 percent and requested one month of paid leave in the hope of avoiding the flu. Both of these requests were rejected by the company.[1] Management wanted to prevent the workers from benefiting from future collective bargains. 40 workers experienced violent eviction by the police force.

References

  1. ^ a b c d Llorente, Luchi, Sioli, Ariel, Roberto, Alejandro (2013). “Kraft Foods’ 2009 Conflict in Argentina: Turning-Point Analysis of a Labor-Management Negotiation”. Negotiation and Conflict Management Research. 6 (3): 214–237. doi:10.1111/ncmr.12012.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Atzeni and Ghigliani, Maurizio and Pablo (2007). “Labour process and decision-making in factories under workers’ self-management: empirical evidence from Argentina” (PDF). Work, Employment and Society. 21 (4): 653–671. doi:10.1177/0950017007082875. S2CID 54545669 – via SAGE Publications.
  3. ^ a b c Biggart and Guillén, Nicole and Mauro (October 1999). “Developing Difference: Social Organization and the Rise of the Auto Industries of South Korea, Taiwan and Argentina”. American Sociological Review. 64: 722–747. doi:10.2307/2657373. JSTOR 2657373.
  4. ^ a b Catalan, Jordi (27 April 2010). “Strategic policy revisited: The origins of mass production in the motor industry of Argentina, Korea and Spain, 1945-87”. Business History. 52 (2): 207–230. doi:10.1080/00076791003611863. S2CID 153752180.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Shaiken, Harley (March 1995). “Technology and Work Organization in Latin American Motor Vehicle Industries”. Economic Commission for Latin America and Caribbean.
  6. ^ Robert, Karen (2005). “The Falcon Remembered”. NACLA Report on the Americas. 39 (3): 12–15. doi:10.1080/10714839.2005.11722347. S2CID 164893628.
  • Municipal information: Municipal Affairs Federal Institute (IFAM), Municipal Affairs Secretariat, Ministry of Interior, Argentina. (in Spanish)