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This article contains Hanunoo text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Hanunoo script.

Hanunoo, or Hanunó’o (IPA: [hanunuʔɔ]), is a language spoken by Mangyans in the island of Mindoro, Philippines. It is written in the Hanunoo script.

Geographic distribution

Hanunoo is spoken in the following locations according to Barbian (1977):[2]

Phonology

Consonants

Hanunoo has 16 consonant phonemes.

Consonants[3]
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive voiceless p ⟨p⟩ t ⟨t⟩ k ⟨k⟩ ʔ[a]
voiced b ⟨b⟩ d ⟨d⟩ ɡ ⟨g⟩
Nasal m ⟨m⟩ n ⟨n⟩ ŋ ⟨ng⟩
Fricative s ⟨s⟩ h ⟨h⟩
Trill r ⟨r⟩
Lateral l ⟨l⟩
Approximant w ⟨w⟩ j ⟨y⟩
  1. ^ Hanunoo does not write glottal stops.

Vowels

Vowels[3]
Front Central Back
Close i ⟨i⟩ u ⟨u⟩
Mid (ə)
Open a ⟨a⟩
  • /a i/ can be heard as [ə ɪ] within closed syllables.
  • /u/ can be heard as [o] within word-final syllables.
  • /i/ can be heard as an open-mid [ɛ] among some speakers in certain words.[4]

Diphthongs

Hanunoo also has four diphthongs: /ai̯/, /au̯/, /iu̯/, and /ui̯/.[5]

References

  1. ^ Hanunoo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Barbian, Karl-Josef (1977). English-Mangyan Vocabulary. Cebu City: University of San Carlos.
  3. ^ a b Epo 2014, pp. 5, 9.
  4. ^ Epo 2014, pp. 6–7.
  5. ^ Epo 2014, p. 7.

Bibliography

Further reading

  • Conklin, Harold (1949). A Brief Description of Hanunoo Morphology and Syntax. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Conklin, Harold C. (1953). Hanunóo-English Vocabulary. University of California Publications in Linguistics. Vol. 9. Berkeley: University of California Press. OCLC 3912044.