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Hayrick Butte is a tuya, a type of subglacial volcano, in Linn County, Oregon. Located on the Willamette National Forest near Santiam Pass, it lies adjacent to the cinder cone Hoodoo Butte, which has a ski area. Hayrick Butte likely formed when lava erupted underneath an overlying glacier or ice sheet, producing the flat top with near-vertical walls along the ice-contact margin as the lava cooled and hardened. Hayrick Butte has a nearly flat plateau about 0.5 miles (0.80 km) across and steep walls rising about 700 feet (0.21 km) above its surroundings. A cartographer accidentally switched the names for nearby Hoodoo Butte and Hayrick Butte; the word “hoodoo” usually refers to rock piles and pinnacles like those observed at Hayrick Butte.

Compared to Hoodoo Butte, Hayrick is less popular for recreation, though it can be climbed, and there are hiking, snowshoeing, and snowmobile routes surrounding the butte. Its north-facing slope has subalpine forests with mountain hemlock and fir, which are common in the Cascades.

Geography

Hayrick Butte is located in the Cascade Range in eastern Linn County in the U.S. state of Oregon.[1] It lies south of Three Fingered Jack near Hoodoo Butte, Sand Mountain Field, Potato Butte, and Black Butte, with Belknap Crater and Mount Washington farther to the south.[2] Administratively, it is within the McKenzie Ranger District of the Willamette National Forest.[3] According to the Geographic Names Information System, Hayrick Butte has an elevation of 5,482 feet (1,671 m);[1] in 1980, the Willamette National Forest Gazetteer listed its elevation as 5,575 feet (1,699 m).[3] The butte has a width of about 0.5 miles (0.80 km).[4]

Hayrick Butte is located next to the Hoodoo ski area.[5] In response to a new master plan at the Hoodoo Ski Bowl in 1995, the United States Forest Service released a draft environmental impact statement for the surroundings.[6] The Forest Service argued that development at Hoodoo Butte and Hayrick Butte would require excavating and/or blasting 20,000 to 28,000 cubic yards (15,000 to 21,000 m3) of soil and rock on Hayrick Butte, which would potentially exacerbate erosion of local soil.[7] The removal of this soil and rock would also substantially limit future revegetation, further reducing soil productivity in the area.[8]

Ecology

The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife determined in the early 1990s that there was potential for peregrine falcon nests at Hayrick Butte, though it was considered low-quality habitat because of its lack of suitable ledges and high amounts of human disturbance.[9] The forest on the steep, north-facing slope of Hayrick Butte consists of mountain hemlock and mature fir trees[10] at an elevation of 5,090 feet (1,550 m).[10][11] Oroboreal subalpine forests like these usually occur above elevations of 4,900 feet (1,500 m) in the Cascades, in areas with cool, wet climates. Mean precipitation for these zones ranges from 1,500 to 3,000 millimetres (59 to 118 in), with cool summers and cold, snowy winters. Dense forests are less common at higher elevations, where typically patchy forest stands are separated by shrubland or meadows.[12]

Geology

Summary

About 4.5 million years ago, eruption of mafic lava filled a subsiding Pliocene depression, creating the modern, mafic High Cascades.[13] The part of the High Cascades that extends south from Mount Jefferson to Santiam Pass includes shield volcanoes, lava domes, and cinder cones.[14] Like Hogg Rock, Hayrick Butte is a flat-topped, andesitic lava dome[15] and tuya of late Pleistocene age.[16][17] The andesitic lava is porphyritic and contains plagioclase, orthopyroxene and trace amounts of olivine phenocrysts.[18] Both Hayrick Butte and Hogg Rock have been eroded by Pleistocene glaciation,[19] leaving glassy margins and jointing.[17] Hayrick Butte blocked the advance of glacial ice from eroding the summit crater of Hoodoo Butte.[15]

Geologic setting

Most lava domes in the Cascades occur in clusters or surrounding just a few major volcanic centers. There are roughly 190 known lava domes in the state of Oregon, with 40 near Mount Jefferson, 22 near the Tumalo volcanic highland, 28 near the Three Sisters, and close to 60 surrounding Mount Mazama. Hayrick Butte, however, is more isolated from other volcanoes.[20] Hayrick Butte, along with Benchmark Butte, formed more than 12 miles (20 km) from any major stratovolcano.[20][21]

The high elevation of Matuyama-aged rocks east of Santiam Pass, coupled with exposure of Brunhes-aged rocks to the west, imply the presence of a northward-trending normal fault.[22]

Geochemistry

Hayrick Butte has a normal magnetic polarity.[17] Like Hogg Rock and other andesite lava domes in the area, it has lower incompatible element abundances than surrounding andesitic rock deposits.[17] A 1992 element abundance analysis of Hayrick Butte andesite samples from the margin of the volcano shows a silicon dioxide (silica) level of 60.1 percent, aluminum oxide level of 18.4 percent, calcium oxide level of 6.24 percent, iron(II) oxide level of 5.55 percent, and sodium oxide level of 4.42 percent. Magnesium oxide made up 3.3 percent of the samples, with potassium oxide levels at 1.08 percent and manganese(II) oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, and titanium dioxide all below 1 percent.[23] Additional studies from 1980 and 1983 exhibit similar levels of silica in samples from Hogg Rock and Hayrick Butte at about 59–60 percent.[16][18]

Human history

According to cartographer Stuart Allen, an early cartographer[24] accidentally switched the names for nearby Hoodoo Butte and Hayrick Butte. The word “hoodoo” refers to rock piles and pinnacles like those observed at Hayrick Butte,[24] while “hayrick” is a synonym for haystack, a more fitting name for Hoodoo Butte, which has a profile that resembles a haystack shape. Whether or not this error actually occurred remains unclear, but the names remain to present day.[25]

Recreation

The Obsidian Climb School and Eugene Mountain Rescue offer climbing classes and field sessions at Hayrick Butte.[26] A tubing hill (Autobahn Tubing Park) is on the lower part of the north flank of the butte with 800-foot (240 m) long tube lanes serviced by a handle tow.[27] A backcountry snowshoeing trail runs for 4 miles (6.4 km) from the Hoodoo ski area,[28] rising about 200 feet (61 m) in elevation over its course.[29] The route travels between Hayrick and Hoodoo Butte, offering views of Mount Washington.[30] There is an avalanche hazard near Hayrick’s base.[30] An old roadbed next to the trail travels up Hoodoo Butte to the Hoodoo Butte Plateau[30] and the butte’s summit,[31] where a historic fire cleared many trees.[31] There are snowmobile routes down the old Santiam Pass Wagon Road to the south and Forest Road 2690 to the east,[31] as well as a geocache at Hayrick’s summit.[24] Markian Hawryluk of The Bulletin in Bend described Hayrick as “antisocial” compared to the “family-friendly ski area” of Hoodoo Butte,[24] citing its 700-foot (210 m) tall, nearly vertical walls.[24] The tuya is also surrounded by cliffs.[4] William Sullivan of The Register-Guard wrote that Hayrick offered “breathtaking views” of Mount Jefferson, Big Lake, Hoodoo Butte, Mount Washington, and Black Butte.[4] Hayrick Butte is also visible from the 6.9-mile (11.1 km) Patjens Lake Loop trail near Santiam Pass.[32]

References

  1. ^ a b c d “Hayrick Butte”. Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. November 19, 2018. Retrieved November 19, 2018.
  2. ^ Gannett 1903, p. 21.
  3. ^ a b Willamette National Forest Gazetteer 1980, p. 16.
  4. ^ a b c Sullivan, W. (December 7, 2010). “Island in the sky”. The Register-Guard. GateHouse Media. Archived from the original on December 20, 2018. Retrieved December 20, 2018.
  5. ^ Hoodoo Master Plan 1995, pp. IJ-68.
  6. ^ Hoodoo Master Plan 1995, p. S-1.
  7. ^ Hoodoo Master Plan 1995, pp. 4–25.
  8. ^ Hoodoo Master Plan 1995, pp. 4–26.
  9. ^ United States Forest Service 1995, p. 15.
  10. ^ a b Rikkinen 2003b, p. 448.
  11. ^ Rikkinen 2003a, p. 9.
  12. ^ Rikkinen 2003a, p. 8.
  13. ^ Hughes & Taylor 1986, p. 1025.
  14. ^ Wood & Kienle 1990, p. 178.
  15. ^ a b Taylor 1981, p. 75.
  16. ^ a b Hildreth 2007, p. 26.
  17. ^ a b c d Hill & Priest 1992, p. 11.
  18. ^ a b Sherrod et al. 2004, p. 22.
  19. ^ Wood & Kienle 1990, p. 179.
  20. ^ a b Hildreth 2007, p. 45.
  21. ^ Hill 1991, p. 13.
  22. ^ Conrey et al. 2002, p. 62.
  23. ^ Hill & Priest 1992, p. 12.
  24. ^ a b c d e Hawryluk, M. (March 10, 2011). “Tackling Hayrick Butte”. The Bulletin. Western Communications. Archived from the original on December 20, 2018. Retrieved December 19, 2018.
  25. ^ Eisenbeis, C. (August 23, 2016). “Tuya: A distinctive local geological feature”. Nugget Newspaper. Dolson, K. Archived from the original on February 12, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  26. ^ The Obsidian Bulletin 2018, p. 4.
  27. ^ “Autobahn Tubing Park”. Archived from the original on January 7, 2012. Retrieved December 25, 2011.
  28. ^ Andersen 2001, pp. 107–109.
  29. ^ Andersen 2001, p. 107.
  30. ^ a b c Andersen 2001, p. 109.
  31. ^ a b c Andersen 2001, p. 110.
  32. ^ Sullivan, W. L. (October 25, 2018). “The post-fire parade yields stunning views at the Patjens Lakes”. Statesman Journal. Gannett Company. Archived from the original on January 31, 2021. Retrieved December 20, 2018.

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