Shirt a Phobia

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Georgian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Georgian phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Georgian.

Consonants
IPA Mkh. Aso. Nus. Ro. English approximation
b[1] ბ Ⴁ ⴁ b bash
ɡ[1] გ Ⴂ ⴂ g gate
d[1] დ Ⴃ ⴃ d do
v ვ Ⴅ ⴅ v, w van
ʷ[2] quick
z ზ Ⴆ ⴆ z zoo
tʰ თ Ⴇ ⴇ t table
kʼ კ Ⴉ ⴉ kʼ roughly like the unaspirated “k” in sky (but also ejective)[3]
l[4] ლ Ⴊ ⴊ l leaf
m მ Ⴋ ⴋ m much
n ნ Ⴌ ⴌ n not
pʼ პ Ⴎ ⴎ pʼ roughly like the unaspirated “p” in spy (but also ejective)[3]
ʒ ჟ Ⴏ ⴏ zh pleasure
r[5] რ Ⴐ ⴐ r Spanish río
s ს Ⴑ ⴑ s sue
tʼ ტ Ⴒ ⴒ tʼ roughly like the unaspirated “t” in sty (but also ejective)[3]
pʰ ფ Ⴔ ⴔ p pan
kʰ ქ Ⴕ ⴕ k can
ʁ ღ Ⴖ ⴖ gh Scottish English loch, but voiced. Cf. also guttural R,
χʼ[6] ყ Ⴗ ⴗ xʼ Dakota hã.χʼãna (ejective)[3]
ʃ შ Ⴘ ⴘ sh shoe
tʃʰ ჩ Ⴙ ⴙ ch choose
tsʰ ც Ⴚ ⴚ ts, c cats
dz ძ Ⴛ ⴛ dz pads
tsʼ წ Ⴜ ⴜ tsʼ, cʼ Navajo ts’in (ejective)[3]
tʃʼ ჭ Ⴝ ⴝ chʼ roughly like the unaspirated “ch” in question (but also ejective)[3]
χ ხ Ⴞ ⴞ kh, x Scottish loch; the English exclamation “ugh”
dʒ ჯ Ⴟ ⴟ j hedge
h ჰ Ⴠ ⴠ h head
Marginal consonants
f[7] ჶ — — f fan
Vowels
IPA Mkh. Aso. Nus. Ro. English approximation
a ა Ⴀ ⴀ a taco
e ე Ⴄ ⴄ e let
i ი Ⴈ ⴈ i feet
o ო Ⴍ ⴍ o story
u უ Ⴓ ⴓ u rule
Suprasegmentals
IPA Explanation
ˈ stress mark (placed before the stressed syllable)[8]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c In word-final position, /b, d, ɡ/ may be devoiced to [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ].
  2. ^ /v/ is realized as [ʷ] after a consonant.
  3. ^ a b c d e f The ejectives have no equivalent in English. The way that ejectives are sounded is by building up pressure in your throat, like when you sneeze, and then release the built-up air as you articulate the consonant where you normally would. So, /tʼ/ and /t/ are articulated in the same place but the difference is whether you build up pressure or not.
  4. ^ /l/ has two allophones, velarized [ɫ] before back vowels /ɑ, ɔ, u/, and plain [l] before front vowels /i, ɛ/.
  5. ^ Often realized as an alveolar tap [ɾ].
  6. ^ [χʼ] is commonly phonemicized as /qʼ/.
  7. ^ [f~ɸ] are allophones of /v/ before voiceless consonants.
  8. ^ In Georgian, word stress falls on the first syllable of a word [1][2]

See also