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KOI-7 (Russian: Код Обмена Информацией, 7 бит, romanized: Kod Obmena Informatsiey, 7 bit[1], КОИ-7) is a 7-bit character encoding, designed to cover Russian, which uses the Cyrillic alphabet.

It was first standardized in GOST 13052-67 (with the 2nd revision GOST 13052-74 / ST SEV 356-76) and GOST 27463-87 / ST SEV 356-86.

Shift Out (SO) and Shift In (SI) control characters are used in KOI-7, where SO starts printing Russian letters (KOI-7 N1), and SI starts printing Latin letters again (KOI-7 N0), or for lowercase and uppercase switching. This version is also known as KOI7-switched aka csKOI7switched.[2][3]

On ISO 2022 compatible computer terminals KOI7-switched can be activated by the escape sequence ESC ( @ ESC ) N LS0.[2]

KOI-7 was used on machines like the SM EVM (СМ ЭВМ) and DVK (ДВК); KOI-7 N2 was utilized in the machine-language of the Elektronika D3-28 [ru] as four-digit hexadecimal code, BESM-6, where it was called ВКД, (internal data code). The encodings were also used on RSX-11, RT-11 and similar systems.[4]

KOI-7 N0

KOI-7 N0[2] (КОИ-7 Н0[1]) is identical to the IRV set in ISO 646:1967.[2] Compared to US-ASCII, the dollar sign (“$”) at code point 24 (hex) was replaced by the universal currency sign “¤”, but this was not maintained in all cases, in particular not after the fall of the Iron Curtain. Likewise, the IRV set in ISO/IEC 646:1991 also changed the character back to a dollar sign.

KOI-7 N0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x NUL SOH STX ETX EOT ENQ ACK BEL BS HT LF VT FF CR SO SI
1x DLE DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 NAK SYN ETB CAN EM SUB ESC FS GS RS US
2x  SP  ! “ # ¤/$ % & ‘ ( ) * + , – . /
3x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ?
4x @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
5x P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _
6x ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o
7x p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~ DEL

KOI-7 N1

KOI-7 N1 (КОИ-7 Н1[1]) was first standardized in GOST 13052-67,[5][6][7] and later also in ISO 5427.[2] It is sometimes referred to as “koi-0” as well.[6]

Compared to ASCII and ISO 646 uppercase and lowercase letters are swapped in order to make it easier to recognize Russian text when presented using ASCII.[6]

To trim the alphabet into chunks of 32 characters the dotted Ё/ë was dropped.[6] In order to avoid conflicts with ASCII’s and ISO 646’s definition as DEL and its usage as EOF marker (-1) in some systems, it dropped the “CAPITAL HARD SIGN” Ъ that would have naturally resided at this location.[6]

In a Bulgarian variant the unnecessary Russian “CAPITAL YERY” Ы at code point 121 was replaced by the “CAPITAL HARD SIGN” Ъ.[6]

KOI-7 N1[7]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x NUL SOH STX ETX EOT ENQ ACK BEL BS HT LF VT FF CR SO SI
1x DLE DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 NAK SYN ETB CAN EM SUB ESC FS GS RS US
2x  SP  ! “ # ¤/$ % & ‘ ( ) * + , – . /
3x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ?
4x ю
044E
 а
0430
 б
0431
 ц
0446
 д
0434
 е
0435
 ф
0444
 г
0433
 х
0445
 и
0438
 й
0439
 к
043A
 л
043B
 м
043C
 н
043D
 о
043E
5x п
043F
 я
044F
 р
0440
 с
0441
 т
0442
 у
0443
 ж
0436
 в
0432
 ь
044C
 ы
044B
 з
0437
 ш
0448
 э
044D
 щ
0449
 ч
0447
 ъ
044A
6x Ю
042E
 А
0410
 Б
0411
 Ц
0426
 Д
0414
 Е
0415
 Ф
0424
 Г
0413
 Х
0425
 И
0418
 Й
0419
 К
041A
 Л
041B
 М
041C
 Н
041D
 О
041E
7x П
041F
 Я
042F
 Р
0420
 С
0421
 Т
0422
 У
0423
 Ж
0416
 В
0412
 Ь
042C
 Ы/Ъ З
0417
 Ш
0428
 Э
042D
 Щ
0429
 Ч
0427
 DEL

KOI-7 N2

KOI-7 N2 (КОИ-7 Н2[1]), like KOI-7 N1, was also standardized in GOST 13052-67.[7]

Kermit names it SHORT-KOI / short-koi.[8][9]

KOI-7 N2[7][9]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x NUL SOH STX ETX EOT ENQ ACK BEL BS HT LF VT FF CR SO SI
1x DLE DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 NAK SYN ETB CAN EM SUB ESC FS GS RS US
2x  SP  ! “ # ¤/$ % & ‘ ( ) * + , – . /
3x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ?
4x @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
5x P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ↑/^ _
6x Ю
042E
 А
0410
 Б
0411
 Ц
0426
 Д
0414
 Е
0415
 Ф
0424
 Г
0413
 Х
0425
 И
0418
 Й
0419
 К
041A
 Л
041B
 М
041C
 Н
041D
 О
041E
7x П
041F
 Я
042F
 Р
0420
 С
0421
 Т
0422
 У
0423
 Ж
0416
 В
0412
 Ь
042C
 Ы
042B
 З
0417
 Ш
0428
 Э
042D
 Щ
0429
 Ч
0427
 DEL

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d ГОСТ 27463-87. Системы обработки информации. 7-битные кодированные наборы символов (с Изменением N 1) [GOST 27463-87. Information processing systems. 7-bit coded character sets] (in Russian). Госстандарт СССР. 1987-10-29. Archived from the original on 2016-12-03. Retrieved 2016-12-02.
  2. ^ a b c d e Sokolov, Michael (2004-01-23). “Charset name: KOI7-switched”. International Free Computing Task Force (IFCTF). Archived from the original on 2016-12-03. Retrieved 2016-12-02.
  3. ^ Freed, Ned; Dürst, Martin, eds. (2013-12-20). “Character Sets”. RFC2978. Archived from the original on 2016-12-03. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
  4. ^ Nechayev, Valentin (2013) [2001]. “Review of 8-bit Cyrillic encodings universe”. Archived from the original on 2016-12-05. Retrieved 2016-12-05.
  5. ^ Clews, John (1988). Language Automation Worldwide – The Development of Character Set Standards (1 ed.). Sesame Computer Projects. ISBN 1-87009501-4.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Czyborra, Roman (1998-11-30) [1998-05-25]. “The Cyrillic Charset Soup”. Archived from the original on 2016-12-03. Retrieved 2016-12-03. [1] [2] [3] [4]
  7. ^ a b c d Hohlov, Yu. E. “Cyrillic Information Representation in Electronic Form – Character Set (Code Page) Tables”. Archived from the original on 2016-12-05. Retrieved 2016-12-05.
  8. ^ da Cruz, Frank (2010-04-02). “Kermit and MIME Character-Set Names”. The Kermit Project. Columbia University, New York, USA. Archived from the original on 2016-12-03. Retrieved 2016-12-02.
  9. ^ a b “SHORT KOI (KOI-7)”. Kermit. Columbia University. Retrieved 2020-06-24.

Further reading

  • Kornai, Andras; Birnbaum, David J.; da Cruz, Frank; Davis, Bur; Fowler, George; Paine, Richard B.; Paperno, Slava; Simonsen, Keld J.; Thobe, Glenn E.; Vulis, Dimitri; van Wingen, Johan W. (1993-03-13). “CYRILLIC ENCODING FAQ Version 1.3”. 1.3. Archived from the original on 2017-02-18. Retrieved 2020-06-24.