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This article is about the party in the People’s Republic of China. For the political party active in the Republic of China (Taiwan), see Kuomintang.

The Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang (RCCK; also commonly known, especially when referenced historically, as the Left Kuomintang or Left Guomindang), commonly abbreviated in Chinese as Minge (Chinese: 民革), is one of the eight minor non-oppositional political parties in the People’s Republic of China, officially termed “democratic parties,” under the direction of the Chinese Communist Party.

The RCCK was founded in January 1948, at the height of the Chinese Civil War, by members of the left wing of the Kuomintang (KMT), especially those who were against Chiang Kai-shek‘s policies. The first chairman of the party was General Li Jishen, a senior Nationalist military commander who had many disputes with Chiang over the years, while Soong Ching-ling (the widow of Sun Yat-sen) was named Honorary Chairwoman. Other early leading members were Wang Kunlun, Cheng Qian, He Xiangning and Tao Zhiyue. In 1949, it merged with the Three Principles of the People Comrades Association and the Kuomintang Democratic Promotion Association. The party claims to be the true heir of Sun Yat-sen‘s legacy and his Three Principles of the People. In December 2022, the party had around 158,000 members. Its membership mostly consists of people with historical ties to the KMT and Taiwan. It owns a significant amount of property originally held by the KMT before the retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan.

Among the official political parties of the People’s Republic of China, the Revolutionary Committee is officially ranked second after the CCP, being the first-ranking minor party. The RCCK currently has 41 seats in the National People’s Congress, six seats in the NPC Standing Committee and 65 seats in the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. Its current chairman is Zheng Jianbang.

History

After the end of World War II, the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party, who had allied to fight the Japanese, became increasingly tense; ultimately, both sides restarted the civil war, which World War II had interrupted. In 1945 and 1946, members of the Kuomintang’s left formed the Three Principles of the People Comrades Association and the Kuomintang Democratic Promotion Association in Chongqing and Guangzhou, respectively.[1] In November 1947, the first joint representative meeting of the Kuomintang left was held in Hong Kong; on 1 January 1948, the meeting announced the official establishment of the “Chinese Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee”, and nominated Soong Ching-ling, the widow of Sun Yat-sen, as the Honorary Chairwoman of the Revolutionary Committee (despite Soong Ching-ling never formally joining the commission).[2][3][4] Chairman Li Jishen, He Xiangning, and Feng Yuxiang were selected as the central leadership of the organization.[5][6]

On 5 May 1948, leaders of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, including Li Jishen and He Xiangning, together with representatives of other democratic parties and non-party figures, jointly issued a public telegram expressing their support for the call of the Chinese Communist Party and their acceptance of its leadership.[7] This was met with a reply of welcome from Mao Zedong, Chairman of the CCP Central Committee.[8] Subsequently, the leadership of the RCCK gradually moved north to the liberated areas of Northeast China,[9] and after February 1949 convened in Beiping, where they took part in the preparatory work for the new Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference.[10] In September 1949, representatives of the RCCK attended the first plenary session of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, participating in the drafting of the Common Program and in the founding of the People’s Republic of China.[2]

People’s Republic of China

The third session of the 2nd Central Committee of the RCCK in 1953.

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China on 1 October 1949, members of the Chinese Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee maintained positions in the municipal and central governments.[11] In November 1949, the second congress of the Chinese Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee was held in Beijing. At the second congress, the Chinese Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee, the Chinese Nationalist Democratic Promotion Association, the Comrades of the Three Peoples Principles, and other members of the Kuomintang’s left wing agreed to merge and form the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang.[12] The meeting also elected the 2nd Central Committee, with Li Jishen elected as chairman.[13]

From 21 to 29 February 1956, the 3rd National Congress of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang was held in Beijing. The congress elected the 3rd Central Committee. On 5 March, the First Plenary Session of the 3rd Central Committee took place, during which Li Jishen was re-elected as chairman.[14] From 12 November to 2 December 1958, the 4th National Congress of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang was held in Beijing.[15] The congress elected the 4th Central Committee. On 4 December, the First Plenary Session of the 4th Central Committee was held, and Li Jishen was once again elected chairman.[16]

From 11 to 22 October 1979, the 5th National Congress of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang was held in Beijing. The congress elected the 5th Central Committee. On 23 October, the First Plenary Session of the 5th Central Committee took place, and Zhu Yunshan was elected chairman.[17] From 21 to 30 December 1983, the 6th National Congress of the RCCK was held in Beijing. The congress elected the 6th Central Committee. On 28 December, the First Plenary Session of the 6th Central Committee was held, and Wang Kunlun was elected chairman.[18] From 12 to 20 November 1988, the 7th National Congress of the RCCK was held in Beijing. The congress elected the 7th Central Committee. On 19 November, the First Plenary Session of the 7th Central Committee took place, and Zhu Xuefan was elected chairman.[19]

From 14 to 22 December 1992, the 8th National Congress of the RCCK was held in Beijing. The congress elected the 8th Central Committee. On 22 December, the First Plenary Session of the 8th Central Committee was held, and Li Peiyao was elected chairman.[20] From 24 to 30 November 1997, the RCCK held its 50th Anniversary Commemorative Congress and the 9th National Congress in Beijing. The congress elected the 9th Central Committee. On 29 November, the First Plenary Session of the 9th Central Committee was held, and He Luli was elected chairman.[21]

From 3 to 9 December 2002, the 10th National Congress of the RCCK was held in Beijing. The congress elected the 10th Central Committee. On 8 December, the First Plenary Session of the 10th Central Committee took place, and He Luli was re-elected chairman. From 9 to 15 December 2007, the 11th National Congress of the RCCK, coinciding with its 60th Anniversary Commemorative Congress, was held in Beijing. The congress elected the 11th Central Committee. On 14 December, the First Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee was held, and Zhou Tienong was elected chairman.[22][23]

From 12 to 18 December 2012, the 12th National Congress of the RCCK was held in Beijing. The congress elected the 12th Central Committee. On 17 December, the First Plenary Session of the 12th Central Committee took place, and Wan Exiang was elected chairman. From 20 to 24 December 2017, the 13th National Congress of the RCCK was held in Beijing. The congress elected the 13th Central Committee. On 23 December, the First Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee was held, and Wan Exiang was re-elected chairman.[24][25]

Today, the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang focuses on improving relations with the Kuomintang on Taiwan, and its membership mainly consists of the descendants of Kuomintang revolutionaries.[5][26] It recruits members with current ties to Taiwan who support Chinese unification.[27]

Organization

The headquarters of the Central Committee of the RCCK

The RCCK is one of the eight minor so-called “democratic parties” under the leadership of the CCP.[28][29] The highest body of the RCCK officially is the National Congress, which is held every five years. The 14th National Congress, held in December 2022, was the most recently held party congress.[30] The National Congress elects the Central Committee of the RCCK.[31]

According to its constitution, the RCCK is officially committed to socialism with Chinese characteristics, Chinese unification and upholding the leadership of the CCP.[31][32] Among the official political parties of the PRC, the RCCK is officially ranked second after the CCP, being the first-ranking minor party.[33] As of June 2022, the party has 30 province-level organizations, including all province-level divisions in mainland China except the Tibet Autonomous Region.[34]

Central Committee

The Central Committee of the RCCK is the highest body of the RCCK between National Congresses. It has six working departments:[35]

  • General Office
  • Organization Department
  • Publicity Department
  • Liaison Department
  • Social Services Department
  • Research Department.

The Central Committee additionally owns the newspapers Unity Daily (团结报; Tuánjié Bào) and Unity (团结; Tuánjié).[36] The Central Committee is headed by a chairperson, who is assisted by several vice chairpersons. The current leaders of the RCCK are:[37]

RCCK Central Committee Chairman

RCCK Central Committee Vice Chairpersons

Membership

According to the State Council Information Office, the RCCK consists “mainly of people who have links with the KMT, have historical and social connections with the committee, or have relationships with Taiwan compatriots, along with specialists in social and legal affairs, and in business relating to agriculture, rural areas, and rural people”.[38] In December 2022, the party had around 158,000 members.[39]

Historical leaders

Chairpersons of the Central Committee

No. Chairperson Took office Left office Ref.
1 Li Jishen
李济深 		January 1948 October 1959 [5]
2 He Xiangning
何香凝 		August 1960 1 September 1972 [5]
3 Zhu Yunshan
朱蕴山 		October 1979 30 April 1981 [17]
4 Wang Kunlun
王昆仑 		9 September 1981 23 August 1985 [18]
5 Qu Wu
屈武 		September 1985 December 1987 [40]
6 Zhu Xuefan
朱学范 		December 1987 December 1992 [19]
7 Li Peiyao
李沛瑶 		December 1992 2 February 1996 [20]
8 He Luli
何鲁丽 		11 November 1996 15 December 2007 [21]
9 Zhou Tienong
周铁农 		15 December 2007 18 December 2012 [22]
10 Wan Exiang
万鄂湘 		18 December 2012 18 March 2018 [25]
11 Zheng Jianbang
郑建邦 		10 December 2022 Incumbent [41]

Honorary Chairpersons of the Central Committee

  1. Song Qingling (宋庆龄), 1948–1949
  2. Qu Wu (屈武), 1988–1992
  3. Zhu Xuefan (朱学范), 1992–1996
  4. Hou Jingru (侯镜如), 1992–1994
  5. Sun Yueqi (孙越崎), 1992–1995

Chairpersons of provincial committees

Electoral history

National People’s Congress elections

Election year Number of seats
2002–03
47 / 2,984
2007–08
46 / 2,987
2012–13
34 / 2,987
2017–18
43 / 2,970
2022–23
41 / 2,977

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b “Zhōngguó guómíndǎng gémìng wěiyuánhuì” 中国国民党革命委员会 [The Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang]. South China University of Technology. Archived from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  3. ^ Andreyev, S. P. (7 July 1949). Democratic parties and groups in the Preparatory Committee to convene a Political Consultative Conference (Report). Translated by Goldberg, Gary. Cold War International History Project. Retrieved 18 March 2021 – via Wilson Center.
  4. ^ “Song Qingling”. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d “Zhōngguó guómíndǎng gémìng wěiyuánhuì jiǎnjiè” 中国国民党革命委员会简介 [Introduction to the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang]. Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang (in Chinese). 9 April 2018. Archived from the original on 12 November 2018. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
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  7. ^ 王德夫 (1994). 中国国民党革命委员会历史研究: 民主革命时期 (in Chinese). 中国人民大学出版社. p. 117. ISBN 978-7-300-01856-0. Retrieved 12 January 2026.
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  22. ^ a b Wei, Wen (1 January 2009). 当代中国参政党建设研究 [Research on the Construction of Participating Political Parties in Contemporary China] (in Chinese). Flying Era. p. 1. Retrieved 12 January 2026.
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  24. ^ “万鄂湘连任民革中央主席” [Wan Exiang re-elected as Chairman of the Central Committee of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang]. Caixin (in Chinese). 24 December 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2026.
  25. ^ a b “中国国民党革命委员会第十三次全国代表大会闭幕 万鄂湘当选主席” [The 13th National Congress of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang concluded, with Wan Exiang elected as chairman.]. China News Service (in Chinese). 24 December 2017. Retrieved 12 January 2026.
  26. ^ Yan, Yan; Qin, Hua, eds. (16 September 2019). “Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng Gémìng Wěiyuánhuì Zhōngyāng Wěiyuánhuì zhǔxí Wàn Èxiāng jìyǔ Xīn Zhōngguó chénglì 70 zhōunián” 中国国民党革命委员会中央委员会主席万鄂湘 寄语新中国成立70周年 [Wan Exiang, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, sent a message to the 70th anniversary of the founding of New China]. People’s Daily. Archived from the original on 7 October 2019.
  27. ^ “The Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang (RCCK) – China Yearbook 2004“. Gov.cn. Archived from the original on 18 March 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  28. ^ Lawrence, Susan V.; Martin, Michael F. (20 March 2013). “Understanding China’s Political System” (PDF). Federation of American Scientists. Congressional Research Service. p. 33. Retrieved 17 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  29. ^ 中国国民党革命委员会卷 [Volume of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang] (in Chinese). Hebei People’s Publishing House. 2001. p. 142. ISBN 978-7-202-02486-7. Retrieved 12 January 2026.
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  32. ^ 民革第十三次全国代表大会暨民革成立70周年纪念大会在京开幕 王沪宁代表中共中央致贺词-人民资讯-人民网 [13th National Congress of the RCCK and the Commemorative Meeting of the 70th Anniversary of RCCK Open in Beijing; Wang Huning Delivers a Congratulatory Speech on Behalf of the CPC Central Committee]. Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang (in Chinese). 20 December 2017. Archived from the original on 13 July 2019. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  33. ^ “我国八个民主党派排序考” [Ranking of China’s eight democratic parties]. Lishui Municipal Committee of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang (in Chinese). 9 December 2012. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
  34. ^ “中国国民党革命委员会简介” [Introduction to the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang]. Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang. 4 January 2023. Retrieved 10 April 2026.
  35. ^ “民革中央机构” [Central Organization of the RCCK]. Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang (in Chinese). 8 August 2008. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
  36. ^ “Unity Daily” 团结报数字报. Unity Daily (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 11 January 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
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  39. ^ “Zheng Jianbang elected chairman of Chinese KMT Revolutionary Committee”. Xinhua News Agency. 11 December 2022. Retrieved 27 December 2022.
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