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This is a list of Asian folk music traditions, with styles, dances, instruments and other related topics. The term folk music can not be easily defined in a precise manner; it definitions depending on the author, and on audience and context within a work. Similarly, the term traditions in this context does not connote any strictly defined criteria. Music scholars, journalists, audiences, record industry individuals, politicians, nationalists and demagogues may often have occasion to address which fields of folk music are distinct traditions based along racial, geographic, linguistic, religious, tribal or ethnic lines, and all such peoples will likely use different criteria to decide what constitutes a “folk music tradition”. This list uses the same general categories used by mainstream, primarily English-language, scholarly sources, as determined by relevant statements of fact and the internal structure of works.

These traditions may coincide entirely, partially or not at all with geographic, political, linguistic or cultural boundaries. Very few, if any, music scholars would claim that there are any folk music traditions that can be considered specific to a distinct group of people and with characteristics undiluted by contact with the music of other peoples; thus, the folk music traditions described herein overlap in varying degrees with each other.

Central and Northern Asia

Country Elements Dance Instrumentation Other topics
Armenian[1] ashoug kochare – shalako dhol – duduk – k’anon – kemancha – sring – shvi – tar – zurna
Azeri[2] ashiq – mugam balaban – daf – gopuz – kemanche – tanbur – tar – tulum-zurna
Kazakh[2] akyn – kui dombra – kobyz – rubab – sybyzgy – tanbur – temir komuz
Kyrgyz[2] kui – manaschi chopo choor – komuz – kyl kyyak – tanbur – temir komuz Manas
Mongolian[3] bangnadyr – bogino-duu – borbannadir – duulah – epic song – ger – häälah – holboo – aman huur – magtel – türleg – urtyn duu – throat-singing: isgeree – karkhiraa – khöömii garuda dörvon chihtei huur – flute – khuuchir – igil – ikil – khel khuur – limbe – morin khuur – pyzanchy – shanz – tsuur – toshpulur – yatga üliger – Ge-sar
Tajik[2] falak – shashmaqam dutar – gidjak – setar – tanbur
Turkish [4] bozlak – koşma – türkü – uzun hava çiftetelli – halay – horon – karsilama – köçek oyunu – semah – sword dance – zeybek kasap havası – hora – Çığırtma – davul – darbuka – kabak kemane – kaval – kemençe – mey – ney – kanun – saz – sipsi – tar – tulum – zurna dastan – Dede Korkut – Huseni – ashik – chengi – köçekce
Turkmen[2] bakshy – mukamlar dili tuiduk – dutar – gargy-tuiduk – tanbur – tuiduk
Tuvan throat singing: khoomei – khorekteer – sygyt – kargyraa byzaanchy – chanzy – doshpuluur – igil – khomus – shoor – topshur
Uighur on ikki muqam – sanam dap – dotar – kanun – ney – satar – surnei – tambur
Uzbek[2] shashmaqam chang – doira – dombra – dutar – karnay – gidjak – nay – rubab – sato – surnay – tanbur – ud
Yakut[5] olonkho khomus


South Asia

  • The tabla, an Indian drum
    The tabla, an Indian drum
Country Elements Dance Instrumentation Other topics
Afghani / Pashto badala – charbeta – klasik – loba – mursia – neemakai – rowzeh – rubayi – shaan – tappas attan – khattak – zahir mashohil dayra – dilruba – dohol – dombura – dutar – ghichak – harmonium – rubab – sitar – sorna – tabla – tambur – zerbaghali
Baluchi[6] Do-Chapi – lewa chang – dohol – ney – saz – sorud – surna – suroz – tanburag – tanbur – tar
Baul[7] dotara (lute) – ektara – khamak (pitched drum) – napur (ankle rattle)
Garo[7] horsehair fiddle – trumpet
Gujarati[7] dandiya[8]
Kashmiri[7] sarangi
Kerala[7] chenda melam – keli – Kuzhal Pattu – paandi melam – tayambaka chenda (barrel drum) – kombu) – kuzhal – maddalam (barrel drum)
Manipuri[9] Dhon Dholok Cholom – Pung Cholak – Rasa Lila – Sita Harana
Maria[7] bison-horn dance – wedding dance drum – flute
Mru[7] plung
Nepalese[10] panchai baja arbajo – barrel drum – jaw harp – kettle drum – maadal – sarangi – shawm gaine – damai
Newari[10] caca – Dapha – Gunla Bajan – jogi – malasri – Lakhey – Pulukishi – Jyapu Pyaakhan barrel drum – Dhime – flute – nava dapha – naykhin – shawm – Bhusyaa bisket jatra
Punjabi[11] bhangra – dafjan – giddha bhangra dhol
Rajasthani[7] bhapang – kamayacha – khatal – harmonium – jantar – murali – pungi – ravanhatha – sarangi – satara – surnai Bhopa – Jogi – Langa – Manganiyar – Sapera
Santal[7] sohrae dhodro banam – phet banam – tamak’ – tiriwaw – tumdak’ sohrae
Sri Lankan[12] cantiga – kavi – kaffirinha – kolam – nadagam – nurti – sokari – virindu bayila – Uda Rata Natum – Pahatha Rata Natum – Sabaragamuwa – Leekeli geta beraya – hakgediya – horanawa – raban – ravanahatha – thalampata – udákkiya
Tamil Nadu / Ancient Tamil music urumee melam – Nayandi melam – gaana Dappan kuthu – Kummi – Kolattam –Kavadi attam– Poikkal Kudirai (dummy horse dance) – Mayil Attam (peacock dance) – Puli Attam (tiger dance) Urumee – Thavil – Tharrai Thappatai drum – tambourine – Nadaswaram – pullanguzhal (Carnatic flute) – Yaazh
Uttar Pradesh[7] kajaris charkula


Southeast Asia

Country Elements Dance Instrumentation Other topics
Batak[13] gendan keteng-keteng – gendang lima sedalanen – gondang bonang – garantung – gendang – gordang – hasapi – hesek – kendbang – keteng-keteng – kulcapi – mangkuk – ogung – taganing – trompong – sulim – sarune
Burmese byaw – mahagita – hsaing waing hne – migyaung – palwe – pattala – pat waing – saung gauk nat pwe
Dayak gong
Filipino[14] kulintang – agung – rondalla – kundiman – gangsa – laji – gabbang tahta – luguh – lelling – kalangan – saunay singkil – pangalay bumayah – tinikling – janggay – asik – itik-itik – binasuan sublian – maglalatik banog salisid kadal tahaw – kadal blelah – karatong pagapir – kapa malong malong kulintang – agung – dabakan – kutiyapi – sarunai – suling – kubing – gangsa – guitar – biyula – gabbang – kubing – hegelung – violin – cello – octavina – rondalla – kendang – gambus
Hmong[15] gaeng lusheng
Indonesian[16] ketuk tilu – kroncong – langgam jawa ronggeng – tapanuli ogong agung – angklung – bedug – bonang – cak – calung – cekuntrung – cuk – cello – celumpung – gangsa – genggong – gong – guitar – kacapi – karinding – kecer – kecrek – kempul – kemanak – kendang – kepyak – ketuk – kongahyan – kulintang – mirwas – moko – qanbūs – rebab – rebana – reyong – ronggeng – saluang – sasando – slentho – suling – talempong – ugal – violin komedi stambul – pelog
Karen[17] flute – gong – xylophone – zither
Khmer[18][17] jariang – cho-kantrum – ruem-trosh – ayai – kam nap – pleing kar ramvong ching – krab – pinpeat – tro
Lao[19] lam luang – lam phi fa – lam pun – lam tan san – lam tan yao – lam toei – mor khaen – mor lam – mor lam dio – mor lam mu – mor lam pee fah – sarup – soeng – tet lae – wai khru lamvong ching – khaen – khui – phin – ranat – so
Lun Bawang[14] / Orang Ulu[14] bamboo band keluré – sapé
Malaysian[14] asi – ronggeng – Dikir barat accordion – joget – zapin violin – gambus – Gendang – kompang – rebana – Seruling – Serunai – Biola – Rebab – Beduk – Gedombak – Geduk – Gendang Jawa – Maruas – Jidur – Nahara – Angklung – Bonang – cak lempong – Canang – Pipa – YangQin – Sheng – erhu – Sitar – tampura – venna – dholo
Thai[17] bong lang – lam tad – likay – nang taloon – pii klong – pleng choi fon – ramwong angklung – grajabpi – jakhe – khaen – khim – khlui – krap – phin – pi – piphat – pong lang – ranat – sueng – wot Ngan Wat
Vietnamese[20] ca tru – hat – hat chau van – hat cheo – hat noi – hat tuong – hò – gui thu – nhac dan toc cai bien – nhac tai tu – quan ho – Water puppetry[21] fan dance – múa nón (hat dance) – múa bài bông (lotus dance) – lantern dance – flag dance – platter dance – candle dance – incense dance đàn bầu – đàn đáy – đàn nguyệt – đàn tranh – đàn hồ – đàn nhị – đàn tam – đàn tứ – đàn gáo – đàn tỳ bà – đàn sến – đàn tam thập lục – kèn – sáo – tiêu – phách – sênh tiền – trống cơm – trống cái – trống đế – tơ rưng


East Asia

Country Elements Dance Instrumentation Other topics
Ainu rekuhkara – upopo – yukar bear ceremony Ainu fiddle – mukkuri – pararayki – tonkori
China Chinese opera – chuigushou – Guandong – jiangnan sizhu – nanguan banhu – bawu – dizi – erhu – gaohu – gong – guan – guqin – guzheng – huqin – konghou – mangtong – pipa – ruan – sheng – suona – xiao – xindi – xun – yangqin – zhonghu – zhongruan shijing – yuefu
Japan biwa – koto – shakuhachi – shamisen – taiko
Korea chongak – jeongak – nongak – pansori – pungmul – salpuri – sanjo – sinawi – ajaeng – buk – daegeum – danso – gayageum – geomungo – haegeum – janggu – piri – taepyeongso
Ryukyuan/ Okinawan koten – min’yō – uzagaku – warabe uta – yunta eisā – kachāshī fue – hyōshigi – kūchō – kutu – pāranku – sanba – sanshin
Tibetan[22] hua’er – lhamo – lu sword dance dramnyen – dung chen – gyümang – lingbu – piwang – rag-dung – rgya-gling Ge-sar – Gelgpa
Yunnan baisha xiyue – dongjing – lezuo bawu – hulusi – hulusheng – lusheng – mabu – tuhu


References

Notes

  1. ^ Hagopian, Harold, “The Sorrowful Sound” in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 332 – 337
  2. ^ a b c d e f Sultanova, Razia and Simon Broughton, “Bards of the Golden Road”, in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 24 – 32
  3. ^ Includes the music of Tuva; Rees, Helen, with Zhang Xingrong and Li Wei, “Sounds of the Frontiers”, in the Rough Guide to World Musics, pg. 44 – 48; Pegg, Carole, “Sixty Horses in My Herd”, in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 189 – 197
  4. ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pgs. 163 – 165
  5. ^ Broughton, Simon and Tatiana Didenko, “Music of the People” in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 248 – 254
  6. ^ Broughton, Simon, “Kings and Queens of the Road” in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 146 – 158
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Hunt, Ken and Simon Broughton, “Everything Is Left Behind” in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 94 – 101
  8. ^ The Rough Guide refers to dandiya as on “folk-based”
  9. ^ World Music Central Archived 2006-07-11 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ a b Tingey, Carol, “The Hills Are Alive”, in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 196 – 202
  11. ^ World Music Central Archived 2006-07-11 at the Wayback Machine; Hunt, Ken and Simon Broughton, “Everything Is Left Behind” in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 94 – 101
  12. ^ Ganhewa, Lalith, “Sounds of Serendipity”, in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 230 – 234
  13. ^ Sutton, R. Anderson, “Asia/Indonesia” in Worlds of Music, pgs. 266 – 317
  14. ^ a b c d Munan, Heidi, “Music at the Crossroads”, in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 175 – 182
  15. ^ Clewley, John, “Beyond Our Khaen”, in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 170 – 174
  16. ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pgs. 207, 213; Bass, Colin, “No Risk – No Fun!”, in the Rough Guides to World Music, pg. 131 – 142
  17. ^ a b c Clewley, John, “Songs for Living”, in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 241 – 253
  18. ^ Clewley, John, “Heavenly Dancers”, in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 20 – 23
  19. ^ Clewley, John, “Beyond Our Khaen”, in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 170 – 174; Clewley, John, “Songs for Living”, in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 241 – 253
  20. ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pg. 200; Blackburn, Philip, “Ancient Rock Music”, in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 262 – 269
  21. ^ Blackburn notes that nhac dan toc cai bien is a form of “modernised folk music (that) has only been traditional since 1956, when the Hanoi Conservatory of Music was founded and the teaching of folk music was deliberately “improved” (quotes in original).
  22. ^ Rees, Helen, with Zhang Xingrong and Li Wei, “Sounds of the Frontiers”, in the Rough Guide to World Musics, pgs. 44 – 48; Trewin, Mark, “Raising the Roof”, in the Rough Guide to World Musics, pgs. 254 – 261; Karolyi, pgs. 176, 179