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The following is a list of kidnappings in the first half of the 20th century, summarizing the events of each case, including instances of celebrity abductions, claimed hoaxes, suspected kidnappings, extradition abductions, and mass kidnappings.

List

Date Victim(s) Abductor(s) Location Age of victim(s) Outcome Notes
18 December 1900 Edward Cudahy Jr. Pat Crowe (accused) Omaha, Nebraska, U.S. 15 Released The son of a business magnate who was kidnapped and held for $25,000 ransom, with his abductor, Pat Crowe, releasing him after the ransom was paid. After being found not guilty at trial, he made a living as a lecturer and author.[1]
21 August 1901 Ellen Maria Stone Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization Bansko, Bulgaria unknown Released In what is known as the Miss Stone Affair, two women were kidnapped by revolutionaries and released a year later.[2]
Katerina Cilka unknown
27 May 1903 Gloria Whalen Unknown Collingwood, Ontario 13 Murdered Gloria (Glory) Whalen was kidnapped and killed by an unknown perpetrator.[3]
18 May 1904 Ion Perdicaris Bandits sent by Mulai Ahmed er Raisuli Tangier, Morocco 64 Released Perdicaris and his stepson, Cromwell Varley, were kidnapped by Mulai Ahmed er Raisuli in Tangier. US Secretary of State John Hay declared, “This government wants Perdicaris alive or Raisuli dead.” The two men were released alive upon payment of a ransom.[4]
Cromwell Varley Unknown
19 March 1906 Ed Johnson A lynch mob Chattanooga, Tennessee, U.S. Unknown Murdered Johnson, an African-American porter, was wrongly convicted of the rape of a white woman named Nevada Taylor. After his death sentence was stayed pending an appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, an angry mob dragged him out of his cell, hanged him from the Walnut Street Bridge and shot him around 55 times while he was hanging. The lynching resulted in a landmark Supreme Court case, United States v. Shipp, pertaining to local law enforcement’s failure to protect Johnson.[5]
1908 Edward Naylor-Leyland Unknown United Kingdom 17 Plot thwarted A baronet and heir. Naylor-Leyland and his brother were the subjects of a kidnap plot discovered and thwarted in 1906 before it could be enacted.[6]
18 March 1909 William Whitla James and Helen Boyle Sharon, Pennsylvania, U.S. 8 Released Whitla was the son of a prominent Pennsylvania attorney; he was kidnapped via guile from his school by two men. A ransom note was delivered to his parents hours later, demanding a sum of $10,000 for his release and closing with the warning “Dead men tell no tales. Neither do dead boys”. Via instruction, Whitla’s father delivered the ransom to a drugstore, and Whitla was released on 22 March. James Boyle was later sentenced to life imprisonment for the kidnapping; his wife was sentenced to twenty-five years’ imprisonment for aiding and abetting.[7]
1909 George Cove Unknown The Bronx, New York, U.S. unknown Released Canadian inventor who was kidnapped by unknown assailants, who offered him $25,000 in exchange for him to stop promoting his devices. He refused and was later released without harm. Cove accused a former investor of orchestrating the kidnapping, but nothing came out of it and his business soon flunked.[8]
1910 Thomas Bedden Albert Fish United States of America 19 Murdered Thomas Bedden was kidnapped by and is known to have been murdered by serial killer Albert Fish.[9]
28 June 1910 Bernardo Parra Francisco Leona Gádor, Almería, Spain 7 Murdered Parra was abducted by local healer Francisco Leona at the request of Francisco “the Moor” Ortega. At the time, it was believed that drinking the blood of a child could cure tuberculosis, prompting Ortega to pay Leona 3000 reales to find him a child. Leona and another man abducted Parra and carried him away in a gunny sack, giving rise to the term El Sacamantecas, and murdered him.[10]
8 April 1911 Elsie Paroubek Unknown Chicago, Illinois, US 5 Murdered Paroubek was a Czech-American girl who disappeared while walking alone to her aunt’s house nearby in Chicago. Her body was found a month later in a drainage ditch.[11] Several people, including Paroubek’s father and the police in charge of the investigation, suspected Roma (who had several camps in the area at the time) were involved.
23 August 1912 Bobby Dunbar Unknown St. Landry Parish, Louisiana, US 4 Unknown Bobby Dunbar disappeared at age 4 near Swayze Lake.[12] After an eight-month nationwide search, investigators found a child the Dunbar parents claimed was their son in the household of William Cantwell Walters of Mississippi. He was convicted of kidnapping. Walters told the police the boy was given to him by his mother, and that his name was Charles Bruce Anderson, known as Bruce. The boy’s mother, Julia Anderson, affirmed Walters’ account. In 2004, further investigation by “Dunbar’s” granddaughter led to conclusive DNA proof that the child in Walters’ custody was not the Dunbars’ son. Walters had been wrongfully convicted for taking care of Charles Bruce Anderson. Dunbar was never found and his disappearance has never been conclusively solved.
17 August 1915 Leo Frank Knights of Mary Phagan Milledgeville State Penitentiary, Georgia, U.S. 31 Murdered Jewish man wrongly convicted[13] of raping and killing a 13-year-old white girl named Mary Phagan. After Frank’s death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment, a group of vigilantes calling themselves “The Knights of Mary Phagan” abducted him from prison and summarily hanged him.[14]
15 May 1916 Jesse Washington A lynch mob Waco, Texas, U.S. 17 Murdered Washington, an African-American farmhand, was accused of murdering a white woman named Lucy Fryer. After pleading guilty to the crime, he was dragged from the courthouse by a crowd of angry observers who paraded him across town in chains and beat and stabbed him before hanging him from a tree, cutting off his fingers, castrating him, and finally burning him alive over a period of two hours.[15]
9 November 1917 Eleven Industrial Workers of the World Tulsa Police Department and a lynch mob Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S. Numerous Survived On November 5, 1917, the Tulsa Police Department raided the local Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) headquarters and arrested 11 men. After a trial November 8, the men were loaded into vehicles, taken to the edge of town, and tar and feathered by a group of men affiliated with the Knights of Liberty that include W. Tate Brady. Local media praised the incident, while it was largely denounced by national media.[16]
11 November 1919 Wesley Everest A lynch mob Centralia, Washington, U.S. 28 Murdered Everest, a member of Industrial Workers of the World, was one of the gunmen in the Centralia Massacre. Arrested fleeing the scene, he was dragged from prison later that night by a lynch mob who hanged him from the Mellen Street Bridge. Some accounts state he was castrated before his death, but modern scholarship casts doubt on this.[17]
31 July 1920 Georges Bessarabo Héra Mirtel Paris, France Murdered Héra Mirtel shot dead her husband and sent the corpse via train from Gare de l’Est.[18]
1923 Mei Zhanchun Unknown Hankou, China 58–59 Murdered Zhanchun (born Father Pascal Angelicus Melotto) was a Roman Catholic priest of the Franciscan Order. He was kidnapped for ransom in 1923 and murdered three months later. Zhanchun is one of the earliest Martyrs in China.[19]
21 May 1924 Bobby Franks Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb Chicago, Illinois, US 14 Murdered Franks was abducted and beaten to death by Leopold and Loeb,[20] two wealthy students who wished to commit the perfect crime. The two killers were sentenced to life imprisonment after a sensational trial at which they were defended by Clarence Darrow. Loeb was killed in prison, but Leopold was released after serving 33 years.
15 March 1925 Madge Oberholtzer D. C. Stephenson Indianapolis, Indiana, US 29 Released, but died from assault-related injuries White woman who was abducted and forcefully raped by a Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan, which later led to her dying from injuries received during the assault. The case led to a steep decline in KKK memberships in the state of Indiana.[21]
1927 Lea Niako Unknown Portugal 19 Escaped German dancer and actress who was abducted by a stalker while filming the film Fátima Milagrosa (1928). She was taken to the Boca do Inferno chasm in Cascais, but escaped upon arrival.[22][23]
1927 Abraham Scharlin Unknown New York, USA 40 Survived A real estate tycoon was kidnapped in New York.[24] Detective John Cordes was honoured with a medal of honour.[25]
15 December 1927 Marion Parker William Hickman Los Angeles, California, US 12 Murdered Parker, the daughter of a Los Angeles banker, was kidnapped and killed by William Hickman.[26] A few days after receiving a small ransom, Hickman was arrested and tried. He was convicted and sentenced to death. On 19 October 1928, he was executed for his crime.
February – 16 May 1928 Wineville Chicken Coop murders Gordon Stewart Northcott Los Angeles, California, US Murdered At least three children – Lewis and Nelson Winslow and an unnamed Mexican boy (possibly Alvin Gothea) – were abducted by Gordon Northcott and accomplices, who sexually abused and killed them on Northcott’s chicken farm in Wineville. One of Northcott’s accomplices also claimed responsibility for the abduction and murder of Walter Collins, a 9-year-old boy who disappeared in 1928, and Northcott confessed to five more murders, but none of these claims were proved.[27]
28 May 1928 Grace Budd Albert Fish New York City, U.S. 10 Murdered Fish, a sadomasochistic serial killer and pedophile, tricked the Budd family into allowing him to take their 10-year-old daughter Grace to a party that evening. He then drove her to his rented cottage in the Irvington neighbourhood, where he strangled her and dismembered and ate her body.[28]
26 January 1930 Alexander Kutepov Joint State Political Directorate agents Paris, France 47 Died during apprehension Russian anti-communist and leader of the Russian All-Military Union during the Russian Civil War, who suffered from a heart attack when he was abducted by OGPU agents, dying on the spot.[29]
28 February 1930 Isabella Jones Ku Klux Klan New Toronto, Canada Released Isabella Jones was a white woman engaged to Ira Johnson, a half-Cherokee man the local commuinity wrongly believed to be black. When Jones and Johnson tried to obtain a marriage license, Ku Klux Klan members interrupted the ceremony and prevented the marriage by taking Jones captive and keeping her prisoner at a nearby Salvation Army location. Jones was released after agreeing not to marry Johnson, but she and Johnson married anyway the following month, and one attacker was successfully prosecuted.[30]
15 May 1930 Mary Agnes Moroney Unknown Chicago, Illinois, US 2 Raised by a person with an unknown connection to the abductor Moroney was taken from her home by a woman who identified herself as “Julia Otis” and claimed to have been sent by a social worker. In 2023, it was determined through DNA testing that Jeanette Burchard, who died in 2003, was Moroney. Her kidnapping was the oldest unsolved case of this nature in the files of the Chicago Missing Persons Bureau.[31]
4 June 1930 Asser Salo Anti-communist Lapua Movement activists Vaasa, Finland 28 Released Asser Salo, a Finnish lawyer and politician, was kidnapped in Vaasa by activists of the anti-communist Lapua Movement on 4 June 1930. Salo was forced under threat for his life to make a public promise to never again engage in communist activities on the territory of Vaasa Province. Soon thereafter, Salo went into exile, first to Sweden, then to the Soviet Union.[32]
July 1930 Väinö Hakkila Lapua Movement members Finland 48 Released Finnish SDP politician and speaker for Parliament who was kidnapped and beaten by Lapua Movement members. He survived the assault, and later resumed his career.[33]
5 July 1930 Eino Pekkala Lapua Movement members Ostrobothnia, Finland 43 Released Finnish socialist politician who, together with Jalmari Rötkö, was kidnapped by fascist Lapua Movement members while they were attending the Constitutional Law Committee. Both were handed over to authorities the next day, and Pekkala was sentenced to 3 years imprisonment for treason.[34]
3 September 1930 Samuel Irby Huey Long (alleged) Shreveport, Louisiana 40 Released Former Louisiana State Department official who, together with James Terrell, disappeared from his hotel room. Irby brought to Grand Isle, Louisiana just before an important election, then forced on a radio broadcast to deny having been abducted. Later in 1932 published Kidnapped By The Kingfish about the incident. Died in 1933.[35]
14 October 1930 K. J. Ståhlberg Lapua Movement members Helsinki, Finland 65 Released Former President of Finland and his wife who were abducted near their home and taken to Joensuu, from where another group was supposed to take them to the Soviet Union. Because the second group never showed up they were released.
Ester Ståhlberg 60
16 October 1931 Anne LeRoi Winnie Ruth Judd Phoenix, Arizona Unknown Murdered Winnie Ruth Judd kidnapped and murdered her two friends in what was known as the “Trunk Murders”.[36]
Sarah Samuelson
14 December 1931 Vera Page Unknown Kensington, London, UK 10 Murdered Page was abducted, raped and strangled by an unidentified man in December 1931. The only suspect, Percy Rush, was never charged due to lack of evidence, and the case remains unsolved.[37][38]
8 January 1932 Joseph Kahahawai Grace Fortescue, Thomas Massie, Albert Jones, Edward Lord Honolulu 22 Murdered Kahahawai, a Native Hawaiian prizefighter, was accused of raping a white woman named Thalia Massie. After his trial ended in a hung jury, Thalia Massie’s mother Grace Fortescue, her husband Thomas Massie, and two family friends abducted Kahahawai and brought him to the Fortescue family home, where they tried to force him to confess before shooting him through the heart. The four abductors were convicted of manslaughter, but their sentence was commuted to one hour in custody by Governor Lawrence M. Judd. In 2006, Kahahawai was posthumously cleared of the rape charge.[39]
1 March 1932 Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr. Richard Hauptmann East Amwell Township, New Jersey, US 1 Murdered Charles was the son of American aviator Charles Lindbergh and his wife Anne Morrow Lindbergh. On 1 March, the 20-month-old child was taken from his crib at home[40] in what was called “the crime of the century“. Ransom negotiations were unsuccessful, and his remains were found on 12 May. Hauptmann was arrested in September 1934, convicted of the crime on 13 February 1935, sentenced to death, and electrocuted on 3 April 1936. Congress passed the “Lindbergh Law”, formally known as “The Federal Kidnapping Act of 1932“, on 13 June 1932. The law made kidnapping a federal crime if the victim was taken across state lines.
3 July 1932 Unidentified 4-year-old girl Robert David Bennett Carlton North, Melbourne 4 Released Bennett, a convicted child molester, enticed a young girl into an empty house he was renovating under the pretext of giving her sweets before raping her. Hoping to conceal his crime when adults came looking for her, he allowed her to leave through the back door but was found out and executed, making him the last person to hang in Australia for a crime other than murder.[41]
2 May 1933 Margaret “Peggy” McMath Kenneth Buck (convicted)
Cyril Buck (acquitted) 		Harwich, Massachusetts, US 10 Released McMath was kidnapped from her school. Her kidnapper, Kenneth Buck, demanded $250,000 for her relesase, but later relented to release McMath upon payment of a $60,000 sum. McMath was released on 5 May. Kenneth Buck was later convicted of her kidnapping and extortion and sentenced to 25 years’ imprisonment; his brother was, Cyril, was acquitted of the same charges.[42]
25 May 1933 George Wilson Becton Unknown New York City Unknown Murdered Becton, a preacher, was kidnapped and murdered.[43]
27 May 1933 Mary McElroy George McGee, Walter McGee, Clarence Click, and Clarence Stevens Kansas City, Missouri, US 25 Released McElroy, the daughter of City Manager Henry F. McElroy of Kansas City, was kidnapped and held for ransom.[44][45] She was released unharmed after the ransom was paid. The four kidnappers were later apprehended, convicted at trial, and given life sentences.
22 July 1933 Charles F. Urschel Machine Gun Kelly Oklahoma City, U.S. 34 Released Urschel, an oil tycoon, was carjacked at gunpoint by gangsters led by George “Machine Gun” Kelly, who drove him to a farmhouse in Paradise, Texas and held him prisoner for a week before releasing him after being paid a $200, 000 ransom. Urschel memorized details about his location and deliberately left forensic evidence at the farmhouse, which enabled the FBI to track down and arrest the kidnappers relatively quickly.[46]
9 November 1933 Brooke Hart Thomas Harold Thurmond and John M. Holmes San Jose, California, US 22 Murdered Hart, the son of a San Jose, California businessman, was kidnapped. His body was later found.[47][48] His two alleged kidnappers were arrested and, before trial, lynched by a mob.
17 January 1934 Edward Bremer Arthur “Doc” Barker St. Paul, Minnesota 34 Released Bremer, a bank president, was kidnapped for ransom by the Barker-Karpis gang., and was released on 7 February.[49]
25 April 1934 June Robles Unknown Tucson, Arizona, US 6 Released Robles was abducted and held for ransom. After negotiations between her parents and her captors, she was found unharmed on a highway after nineteen days in captivity.[50] Only one arrest was made in connection with her abduction.
19 September 1934 Dorothy Ann Distelhurst Unknown East Nashville, Tennessee, US 5 Murdered Distelhurst disappeared while walking home from school. After media coverage, her parents received multiple ransom notes, but the police were unable to determine their veracity. The child’s remains were found on 13 November 1934, buried under a flower bed at the corner of the Davidson County Tuberculosis Hospital. Her killer is unknown.[51][52][53][54][55]
October 1934 Alice Speed-Stoll Thomas H. Robinson, Jr Louisville, Kentucky Unknown Released A wife of an oil executive who was kidnapped for ransom.[56]
26 October 1934 Claude Neal A lynch mob Brewton, Alabama, U.S. 23 Murdered Neal, an African-American farmhand, was accused of raping and killing a white woman named Lola Cannady in Jackson County, Florida. Authorities attempted to protect him from lynching covertly transferring him to a jail in Brewton, Alabama, but Jackson County locals discovered his location, removed him from the jail and took him back to Florida, where a group of six men tortured and castrated him before hanging him to death. His body was then driven to the home of Lola Cannady’s father to be disfigured further.[57]
26 November 1934 R.N. Baker Arthur Gooch, Ambrose Nix Paris, Texas, U.S. Unknown Released Police officers Baker and Marks were kidnapped by Gooch and Nix, a pair of criminals who they had tried to apprehend. In the course of the kidnapping Baker was shoved into a glass cabinet by Nix and deeply wounded. The two officers were released by their captors the following day after being driven up to Pushmataha County, Oklahoma. They then notified local law enforcement, who shot and killed Nix and arrested Gooch.[58]
H.R. Marks
26 December 1935 Tito Minniti Ethiopians Degehabur, Somali Region, Ethiopia 25–26 Murdered Italian pilot Tito Minniti was captured, killed, and allegedly tortured by Ethiopians during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War on 26 December 1935.[59] What happened to Minniti after he was captured varies depending on the source; in one version, Minniti was forced to surrender after running out of ammunition, after which he was tortured, mutilated, and killed by Ethiopian forces. In another version, Minniti was killed by Ethiopian civilians angered by the bombing of their villages.
1936 Lost children of Francoism Nationalist troops Spain Various Various Unknown number of children abducted from Republican parents, who were either in jail or had been assassinated by Nationalist troops during the Spanish Civil War. Several children were also victims of child trafficking and forced adoption. Their ultimate fates varied.[60]
12 December 1936 Chiang Kai-shek Zhang Xueliang Xi’an, China 49 Released Chiang Kai-shek, leader of China, was kidnapped by a warlord in an affair known as the Xi’an Incident.[61] He was released.
27 December 1936 Charles Mattson Unknown Tacoma, Washington, US 10 Murdered Mattson was abducted from his home and held for $28,000. He was found dead in January 1937.[62]
27 December 1936 Lojze Bratuž Italian fascists Gorizia, Italy 35 Murdered Slovene choirmaster and composer who was kidnapped by Italian Fascists and forced to drink a fatal mixture of castor oil, gasoline and motor oil. He was unable to recover, and died in a hospital half a month later.[63]
5 January 1937 Mona Tinsley Frederick Nodder Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, U.K. 10 Murdered Mona Tinsley was lured by her parents’ former lodger, Frederick Nodder, while leaving her school. Nodder then took her up to his home in Hayton where he strangled her to death, possibly after molesting her. Nodder was convicted of kidnapping Mona, then tried again, convicted for her murder and sentenced to death after her body was found eight miles from his house.[64]
22 September 1937 Yevgeny Miller Nikolai Skoblin and NKVD officers Paris, France 69 Murdered Miller, an anti-bolshevik Russian general, was kidnapped by NKVD agents. The NKVD smuggled him back to Moscow, Russia.[65] He was tortured during interrogation and executed by gunshot nineteen months later, in 1939.
25 September 1937 Charles Ross John Henry Seadlund, James Atwood Gray Franklin Park, Illinois, U.S. 72 Murdered Ross, a wealthy greeting card executive, was held for ransom by criminals John Seadlund and James Gray, who managed to negotiate a ransom payment of $50,000. Two days after receiving the ransom, Seadlund fought with Gray over the money and ended up shooting both Gray and Ross and throwing them into a pit.[66]
18 April 1938 Benjamin Farber John Virga, Demetrius Gula, Joseph Sacoda, and William Jackins Brooklyn, U.S. 35 Released A coal merchant who was kidnapped from outside his home on 18 April 1938; he was held captive for ten hours until a $1,900 ransom had been paid. The four individuals responsible for his kidnapping were later convicted and imprisoned.[67]
28 May 1938 James Bailey Cash Jr. Franklin Pierce McCall Jr. Princeton, Florida, U.S. 5 Murdered Cash was kidnapped from his own home by Franklin McCall, a former tenant of his parents, on 28 May 1938; he was smothered to death and his body hidden before his kidnapper attempted to obtain a $10,000 ransom for his safe return. McCall confessed to Cash’s murder on 7 June. He was executed in the Florida State Prison on 24 February 1939.[68]
24 July 1938 Norman Miller John Virga, Demetrius Gula, Joseph Sacoda, and William Jackins Lower East Side, U.S. 19 Released Miller was a student who was kidnapped from outside his Brooklyn home on 24 July 1938; he was held captive until a $13,000 ransom had been paid. His kidnappers were later convicted and imprisoned.[67]
20 February 1939 Michael Katz Charles Mitchell, Sol Schwartz, and Nellie Resnick Brooklyn, U.S. 4 Released Katz was lured from his home to a Coney Island theater in a kidnapping plot; he was held in Resnick’s Manhattan home and later released upon payment of a $180 ransom which his kidnappers had demanded in order to pay outstanding gambling debts. His kidnappers were later arrested and convicted.[69]

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