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Maneb (manganese ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate) is a fungicide and a polymeric complex of manganese with the ethylene bis (dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand.[1]

Health effects

See also: Manganism, Parkinsonism, and Parkinson’s disease

Exposure to maneb can occur when breathed in; it can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat as well as cause headaches, fatigue, nervousness, dizziness, seizures and unconsciousness. Prolonged or long-term exposure may interfere with the function of the thyroid. Exposure to maneb is also shown to induce a Parkinson’s disease-like neurotoxicity in mice.[2] The link between maneb and Parkinson’s disease had been suspected since the early 2000s;[3][4] but however, a 2022 review concluded that maneb, alongside other pesticides like MPTP, paraquat, and rotenone, play a prominent role in the development of the disease. More investigation is needed to investigate its underlying mechanism of action.[5]

Production

Manganese(II) ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) of low ethylenethiourea (ETU) content is prepared by mixing disodium ethylenebis (dithiocarbamate) with formaldehyde in aqueous medium then mixing a water-soluble manganese(II) salt to precipitate the maneb. The product can be further formulated with a metal salt and also with paraformaldehyde. (See External links for the patent citation)

Applications

Maneb, is a broad spectrum fungicide that is extensively applied against a wide range of fungal pathogens affecting ornamental plants, food and feed crops. It can also be used to create a toxin-based animal model of Parkinson’s disease, usually in primates.[6][7]

Environmental effects

Maneb will decompose into Ethylene thiourea, Mn2+, CS2, CO2, and NH3 upon exposure with air or moisture. Maneb’s decomposition products are largely influenced by environmental factors.[8]

Regulation

Maneb was included in a pesticide ban proposed by the Swedish Chemicals Agency[9] and approved by the European Parliament on January 13, 2009.[10]

See also

References

  1. ^ Reidies AH (June 2000). “Manganese compounds.”. Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a16_123. ISBN 978-3-527-30385-4.
  2. ^ Liu C, Liu Z, Fang Y, Du Z, Yan Z, Yuan X, et al. (2022-12-01). “Exposure to the environmentally toxic pesticide maneb induces Parkinson’s disease-like neurotoxicity in mice: A combined proteomic and metabolomic analysis”. Chemosphere. 308 (Pt 2) 136344. Bibcode:2022Chmsp.30836344L. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136344. ISSN 0045-6535. PMID 36087732.
  3. ^ “MANEB” (PDF). Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet. New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services.
  4. ^ Costello S, Cockburn M, Bronstein J, Zhang X, Ritz B (April 2009). “Parkinson’s disease and residential exposure to maneb and paraquat from agricultural applications in the central valley of California”. American Journal of Epidemiology. 169 (8): 919–926. doi:10.1093/aje/kwp006. PMC 2727231. PMID 19270050.
  5. ^ Vellingiri B, Chandrasekhar M, Sri Sabari S, Gopalakrishnan AV, Narayanasamy A, Venkatesan D, et al. (September 2022). “Neurotoxicity of pesticides – A link to neurodegeneration”. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 243 113972. Bibcode:2022EcoES.24313972V. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113972. PMID 36029574.
  6. ^ Garcinuño RM, Fernández-Hernando P, Cámara C (July 2004). “Simultaneous determination of maneb and its main metabolites in tomatoes by liquid chromatography using diode array ultraviolet absorbance detection”. Journal of Chromatography A. 1043 (2): 225–229. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2004.05.059. PMID 15330096.
  7. ^ Cicchetti F, Drouin-Ouellet J, Gross RE (September 2009). “Environmental toxins and Parkinson’s disease: what have we learned from pesticide-induced animal models?”. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 30 (9): 475–483. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2009.06.005. PMID 19729209.
  8. ^ Xi Y, Zhang Z, Lin Z, Peng K, Chen S, Zhu Q, et al. (2026). “Advances in the neurotoxicity of ecological pesticide maneb: mechanisms and implications for human health”. Frontiers in Public Health. 14 1745443. Bibcode:2026FrPH…1445443X. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1745443. ISSN 2296-2565. PMC 12907399. PMID 41705050.
  9. ^ “Interpretation of criteria for approval of active substances in the proposed EU plant protection regulation”. Swedish Chemicals Agency (KemI). 2008-09-23. Archived from the original on 2009-01-01. Retrieved 2009-01-14.
  10. ^ “MEPs approve pesticides legislation”. 2009-01-13. Archived from the original on 2009-01-25. Retrieved 2009-01-14.
  • Maneb in the Pesticide Properties DataBase (PPDB)
  • US 4217293A, Adams, John B, ”Stabilized maneb and preparation thereof”, published 1980-08-12, issued 1980-08-12 and EIDP Inc