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Meta Superintelligence Labs (MSL) is an American artificial intelligence division of Meta Platforms, headquartered in Menlo Park, California. The division focuses on research and development in the field of artificial superintelligence.

History

Background

The then-named Facebook founded a AI division in 2013 as Facebook Artificial Intelligence Research (FAIR).[3][4] It has workspaces in Menlo Park, London, New York City, Paris, Seattle, Pittsburgh, Tel Aviv, and Montreal as of 2025.[5][6]

In 2016, FAIR partnered with Google, Amazon, IBM, and Microsoft in creating the Partnership on Artificial Intelligence to Benefit People and Society.

FAIR was directed by Yann LeCun until 2018, when Jérôme Pesenti succeeded the role. Pesenti is formerly the CTO of IBM’s big data group.[7]

FAIR’s research includes self-supervised learning, generative adversarial networks, document classification and translation, and computer vision.[8] FAIR released Torch deep-learning modules as well as PyTorch in 2017, an open-source machine learning framework,[8] which was subsequently used in several deep learning technologies, such as Tesla‘s autopilot [9] and Uber‘s Pyro.[10] That same year, a pair of chatbots were falsely rumored[11] to be discontinued for developing a language that was unintelligible to humans.[12] FAIR clarified that the research had been shut down because they had accomplished their initial goal to understand how languages are generated by their models, rather than out of fear.[11]

FAIR’s full name was renamed Fundamental Artificial Intelligence Research following Facebook’s rebranding to Meta Platforms Inc.[13]

Founding

Mark Zuckerberg, the chief executive of Meta Platforms, has taken an active role in recruiting employees for Meta Superintelligence Labs.

In June 2025, Bloomberg News reported that Mark Zuckerberg, the chief executive of Meta Platforms, had expressed displeasure at Llama 4, the company’s large language model released in April, tasking employees to work overtime. In response, Meta began internally developing Behemoth, a larger model set to be more sophisticated than offerings from OpenAI, Anthropic, and Google. According to The Wall Street Journal, amid concerns from Meta’s leadership over Behemoth’s capabilities, the company delayed the release of the model. The decision to delay Behemoth led Zuckerberg to involve himself closely with Meta’s AI efforts, starting a WhatsApp group chat with senior leadership to recruit researchers. According to Bloomberg News, Zuckerberg set a goal to hire approximately fifty people to staff a firm to achieve artificial general intelligence.[14]

That month, Zuckerberg sought to invest several billion dollars into Scale AI and hire its chief executive and founder, Alexandr Wang.[14] In addition, he had personally recruited researchers at his homes in Lake Tahoe and Palo Alto, California;[14] The New York Times later reported that Zuckerberg had offered compensation packages valued between US$1 to US$100 million to employees at OpenAI and Google.[15]

Days later, Meta announced that it was investing US$14.3 billion into Scale AI, an intentionally muted role despite hiring Wang in order to avoid scrutiny from the Federal Trade Commission amid an impending decision from judge James Boasberg in FTC v. Meta (2020).[16] According to The Information, Zuckerberg was willing to provide US$5 billion, though Wang countered with US$20 billion.[17] In order to fund the tentative firm, Meta implemented advertisements in WhatsApp.[18] The Information later reported that Meta was discussing hiring Nat Friedman, the former chief executive of GitHub, and the businessman and investor Daniel Gross, and acquiring their venture capital firm, NFDG.[19]

According to CNBC, Meta had sought to acquire Safe Superintelligence Inc., but its CEO Ilya Sutskever refused the acquisition.[20] Additionally, Zuckerberg privately discussed acquiring Thinking Machines Lab and Perplexity AI, though the deals fell through over disputes concerning prices and strategy. Days later, The Verge reported that Gross and Friedman would report directly beneath Wang.[21][22] Zuckerberg assumed a dominant role in hiring employees,[23] though his efforts faced complications from researchers who expressed skepticism at Meta’s artificial intelligence, uncertainty over internal restructuring, and a perceived strategic conflict with Meta’s vice president for artificial intelligence, Yann LeCun.[24] Additionally, several researchers were surprised to receive messages from Zuckerberg, including one person who, believing a message they received to be a hoax, did not respond for several days.[24]

On June 30, Zuckerberg announced that he was establishing Meta Superintelligence Labs with Wang serving as chief AI officer and Friedman leading work on AI products. Meta AI (formerly Fundamental Artificial Intelligence Research) and several other divisions, including a new team called TBD Lab, dedicated to “developing the next generation” of Meta’s large language models, were placed beneath Meta Superintelligence Labs.[25][26] In an internal memo, Zuckerberg named eleven employees the company had hired.[27] Zuckerberg’s efforts forced other AI company executives, including Microsoft‘s Satya Nadella and OpenAI’s Sam Altman, to attract researchers themselves.[28] In July, Gross joined Superintelligence Labs as Friedman’s counterpart.[29] That month, The New York Times reported that Superintelligence Labs executives had discussed a proprietary AI model.[30]

In August, Meta restructured Meta Superintelligence Labs into four subgroups.[31]

On November 20, 2025, Yann LeCun left Meta’s chief AI scientist role to start a new firm.[32][33]

Models

On April 8, 2026, Meta Superintelligence Labs released their first model Muse Spark, part of the Muse family, which now powers the Meta AI assistant.[34][35]

Structure

Meta Superintelligence Labs comprises four groups: TBD Lab, a team managing Meta’s large language models that is led by Wang, FAIR, an artificial intelligence research team, Products and Applied Research, a consumer integration team led by Friedman, and MSL Infra, a team for infrastructure to sustain artificial intelligence models that is led by Aparna Ramani.[31]

FAIR Research

Natural language processing and chatbot

See also: Natural language processing

Natural language processing is the ability for machines to understand and generate natural language. The team is also researching unsupervised machine translation and multilingual chatbots.[36][37][38]

Galactica

Galactica is a large language model (LLM) designed for generating scientific text. It was available for three days from 15 November 2022, before being withdrawn for generating racist and inaccurate content.[39][40]

Llama

Main article: Llama (language model)

Llama is an LLM released in February 2023.[41] As of January 2026, the most recent release is the Llama 4.[42]

Hardware

Meta used CPUs and in-house custom chips before 2022; they switched to Nvidia GPUs since then.[43] MTIA v1, one of their early chips, is designed for the company’s content recommendation algorithms. It was fabricated on TSMC‘s 7 nm process technology and consumed 25W, capable of 51.2 TFlops FP16.[44]

References

  1. ^ Isaac, Mike; Tan, Eli (October 22, 2025). “Meta Cuts 600 Jobs at A.I. Superintelligence Labs”. Archived from the original on November 4, 2025. Retrieved December 19, 2025.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference metadeal was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ “NYU “Deep Learning” Professor LeCun Will Head Facebook’s New Artificial Intelligence Lab”. TechCrunch. December 9, 2013. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  4. ^ “Facebook’s AI team hires Vladimir Vapnik, father of the popular support vector machine algorithm”. VentureBeat. November 25, 2014. Archived from the original on November 27, 2014. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  5. ^ “Facebook Opens New AI Research Center In Paris”. TechCrunch. June 2, 2015. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  6. ^ Dillet, Romain (June 2, 2015). “Facebook Opens New AI Research Center in Paris”. TechCrunch. Retrieved May 7, 2022.
  7. ^ Dave, Greshgorn (January 23, 2018). “The head of Facebook’s AI research is stepping into a new role as it shakes up management”. Quartz. Archived from the original on May 8, 2022. Retrieved May 7, 2022.
  8. ^ a b “FAIR turns five: What we’ve accomplished and where we’re headed”. Engineering at Meta. December 5, 2018. Archived from the original on May 11, 2022. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  9. ^ Karpathy, Andrej (November 6, 2019). “PyTorch at Tesla – Andrej Karpathy, Tesla”. YouTube. Archived from the original on March 24, 2023. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  10. ^ “Pyro”. pyro.ai. Archived from the original on May 6, 2022. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  11. ^ a b “Facebook researchers shut down AI bots that started speaking in a language unintelligible to humans”. Tech2. July 31, 2017. Archived from the original on May 8, 2022. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  12. ^ McKay, Tom (August 1, 2017). “No, Facebook Did Not Panic and Shut Down an AI Program That Was Getting Dangerously Smart”. Gizmodo. Retrieved May 27, 2025. When Facebook directed two of these semi-intelligent bots to talk to each other, FastCo reported, the programmers realized they had made an error by not incentivizing the chatbots to communicate according to human-comprehensible rules of the English language. In their attempts to learn from each other, the bots thus began chatting back and forth in a derived shorthand—but while it might look creepy, that’s all it was.
  13. ^ Murphy Kelly, Samantha (October 29, 2021). “Facebook changes its company name to Meta”. CNN Business. Archived from the original on May 7, 2022. Retrieved May 7, 2022.
  14. ^ a b c Wagner, Kurt; Griffin, Riley (June 9, 2025). “Zuckerberg Is Personally Recruiting New ‘Superintelligence’ AI Team at Meta”. Bloomberg News. Retrieved July 7, 2025.
  15. ^ Metz, Cade; Isaac, Mike (June 10, 2025). “Meta Is Creating a New A.I. Lab to Pursue ‘Superintelligence’“. The New York Times. Retrieved July 7, 2025.
  16. ^ Isaac, Mike; Metz, Cade (June 13, 2025). “Meta Invests $14.3 Billion in Scale AI to Kick-Start Superintelligence Lab”. The New York Times. Retrieved July 7, 2025.
  17. ^ Weinberg, Cory (June 16, 2025). “Meta Agreed to Pay up for Scale AI but Then Wanted More for Its Money”. The Information. Retrieved July 7, 2025.
  18. ^ Huang, Kalley (June 18, 2025). “Meta’s New Way to Pay for AI Investments: WhatsApp Ads”. The Information. Retrieved July 7, 2025.
  19. ^ Huang, Kalley; Weinberg, Cory (June 18, 2025). “Meta in Talks to Hire AI Investors Friedman and Gross, Partially Buy Out Their Venture Fund”. The Information. Retrieved July 7, 2025.
  20. ^ Primack, Dan (June 20, 2025). “Meta reportedly plans big new AI hires”. Axios. Retrieved July 7, 2025.
  21. ^ Gurman, Mark; Roof, Katie; Griffin, Riley (June 20, 2025). “Meta Discussed Buying Perplexity Before Investing in Scale”. Bloomberg News. Retrieved July 7, 2025.
  22. ^ Heath, Alex (June 20, 2025). “Meta held talks to buy Thinking Machines, Perplexity, and Safe Superintelligence”. The Verge. Retrieved July 7, 2025.
  23. ^ Murphy, Hannah (June 19, 2025). “How Mark Zuckerberg unleashed his inner brawler”. Financial Times. Retrieved July 7, 2025.
  24. ^ a b Bobrowsky, Meghan; Jin, Berber; Cohen, Ben (June 22, 2025). “Zuckerberg Leads AI Recruitment Blitz Armed With $100 Million Pay Packages”. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 7, 2025.
  25. ^ Bobrowsky, Meghan (June 30, 2025). “Mark Zuckerberg Announces New Meta ‘Superintelligence Labs’ Unit”. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 7, 2025.
  26. ^ Bobrowsky, Meghan (August 8, 2025). “Meet TBD Lab, Meta’s Superintelligence SWAT Team”. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 11, 2025.
  27. ^ Robison, Kylie (June 30, 2025). “Here Is Everyone Mark Zuckerberg Has Hired So Far for Meta’s ‘Superintelligence’ Team”. Wired. Retrieved July 7, 2025.
  28. ^ Metz, Cade; Isaac, Mike (June 27, 2025). “In Pursuit of Godlike Technology, Mark Zuckerberg Amps Up the A.I. Race”. The New York Times. Retrieved July 7, 2025.
  29. ^ Ghaffary, Shirin; Wagner, Kurt (July 3, 2025). “Meta Adds Startup Founder Gross to New AI Superintelligence Lab”. Bloomberg News. Retrieved July 7, 2025.
  30. ^ Tan, Eli (July 14, 2025). “Meta’s New Superintelligence Lab Is Discussing Major A.I. Strategy Changes”. The New York Times. Retrieved July 14, 2025.
  31. ^ a b Griffin, Riley (August 19, 2025). “Meta Restructures AI Group Again in Pursuit of Superintelligence”. Bloomberg News. Retrieved August 19, 2025.
  32. ^ Why an AI ‘godfather’ is quitting Meta after 12 years
  33. ^ Yann LeCun, a Pioneering A.I. Scientist, Leaves Meta
  34. ^ Fried, Ina (April 8, 2026). “Meta debuts Muse Spark, first AI model under Alexandr Wang”. Axios. Retrieved April 8, 2026.
  35. ^ Field, Hayden (April 8, 2026). “Meta is reentering the AI race with a new model called Muse Spark”. The Verge. Retrieved April 8, 2026.
  36. ^ “Meta AI Research Topic – Natural Language Processing”. ai.facebook.com. Archived from the original on May 8, 2022. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  37. ^ Lample, Guillaume; Ott, Myle; Conneau, Alexis; Denoyer, Ludovic; Ranzato, Marc’Aurelio (August 13, 2018). “Phrase-Based & Neural Unsupervised Machine Translation”. arXiv:1804.07755 [cs.CL].
  38. ^ Conneau, Alexis; Lample, Guillaume; Rinott, Ruty; Williams, Adina; Bowman, Samuel R.; Schwenk, Holger; Stoyanov, Veselin (September 13, 2018). “XNLI: Evaluating Cross-lingual Sentence Representations”. arXiv:1809.05053 [cs.CL].
  39. ^ “Why Meta’s latest large language model survived only three days online”. MIT Technology Review. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
  40. ^ Edwards, Benj (November 18, 2022). “New Meta AI demo writes racist and inaccurate scientific literature, gets pulled”. Ars Technica. Retrieved December 30, 2022.
  41. ^ Leswing, Kif (February 24, 2023). “Mark Zuckerberg announces Meta’s new large language model as A.I. race heats up”. CNBC. Retrieved April 14, 2025.
  42. ^ Wiggers, Kyle (April 5, 2025). “Meta releases Llama 4, a new crop of flagship AI models”. TechCrunch. Retrieved April 14, 2025.
  43. ^ “Insight: Inside Meta’s scramble to catch up on AI”. Reuters. April 26, 2023.
  44. ^ Peters, Jay (May 19, 2023). “Meta is working on a new chip for AI”. The Verge. Archived from the original on June 7, 2023. Retrieved June 7, 2023.