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For the American lottery organization MUSL, see Multi-State Lottery Association.

musl is a C standard library intended for operating systems based on the Linux kernel, released under the MIT License.[3] It was developed by Rich Felker to write a clean, efficient, and standards-conformant libc implementation.[4]

Overview

musl was designed from scratch to allow efficient static linking and to have realtime-quality robustness by avoiding race conditions, internal failures on resource exhaustion, and various other bad worst-case behaviors present in existing implementations.[4] The dynamic runtime is a single file with stable ABI allowing race-free updates and the static linking support allows an application to be deployed as a single portable binary without significant size overhead.

It claims compatibility with the POSIX 2008 specification and the C11 standard. It also implements most of the widely used non-standard Linux, BSD, and glibc functions.[5] There is partial ABI compatibility with the part of glibc required by Linux Standard Base.[6]

Version 1.2.0 has support for (no longer current) Unicode 12.1.0 (while still having full UTF-8 support,[7] more conformant/strict than glibc), and version 1.2.1 “features the new ‘mallocng’ malloc implementation, replacing musl’s original dlmalloc-like allocator that suffered from fundamental design problems.”[2]

Use

Linux distributions which use musl as their standard C library (some use only musl) include but are not limited to:

A modified version of musl is available for userspace code written for the seL4 microkernel[17], requiring users to implement the parts of the Linux system call interface that the subset of musl they wish to use depends on.

A modified musl wrapper is also utilized written for OpenHarmony distributed operating systems within its userspace for its standard system devices; while it primarily targets a Linux kernel, it employs a Kernel Abstraction Layer (KAL) to map extended POSIX system calls when running on non-Linux kernels of kernel agnostic core system, such as microkernel-based HarmonyOS‘s HongMeng Kernel Linux ABI compliant shim for POSIX-like functionalities.[18]

For binaries that have been linked against glibc, gcompat and[19] glibmus-hq[20] can be used to execute them on musl-based distros.

See also

References

  1. ^ “musl – obsolete versions”. musl-libc.org. 2017-10-31. Retrieved 2018-01-14.>
  2. ^ a b “musl libc Release History”. musl.libc.org. Archived from the original on 2021-10-16. Retrieved 2020-08-13.
  3. ^ Rich Felker; et al. (2016-04-29). “COPYRIGHT”. Archived from the original on 2021-10-16. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
  4. ^ a b “Introduction to musl”. 2016-04-21. Archived from the original on 2021-10-16. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
  5. ^ “Compatibility”. wiki.musl-libc.org. 2014-05-27. Archived from the original on 2021-10-16. Retrieved 2016-09-26.
  6. ^ “Comparison of C/POSIX standard library implementations for Linux”. www.etalabs.net. Archived from the original on 2021-10-16.
  7. ^ “musl libc – Functional differences from glibc”. wiki.musl-libc.org. Archived from the original on 2021-10-16. Retrieved 2020-08-13.
  8. ^ “About”. Alpine Linux. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  9. ^ Larabel, Michael (30 September 2018). “Dragora 3.0 Alpha 2 Released As One Of The Libre GNU/Linux Platforms”. Phoronix. Phoronix Media. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  10. ^ Gentoo Authors (20 July 2021). “Additional stage downloads for amd64, ppc, x86, arm available”. Gentoo Linux. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  11. ^ Fietkau, Felix (16 Jun 2015). “OpenWrt switches to musl by default”. Archived from the original on 28 July 2015.
  12. ^ “About postmarketOS – postmarketOS Wiki”. wiki.postmarketos.org. Retrieved 2024-08-07.
  13. ^ README.md on GitHub
  14. ^ “morpheus”. Archived from the original on 2021-10-16. Retrieved 2018-06-15.
  15. ^ “Chimera Linux – About”. Chimera Linux. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
  16. ^ “Enter the void”. Void Linux. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  17. ^ seL4/musllibc, seL4 microkernel and related repositories, 2020-08-30, archived from the original on 2021-10-16, retrieved 2020-09-05
  18. ^ “A first look at app security on HarmonyOS NEXT”. promon.io. Retrieved 2026-03-24.
  19. ^ “Adélie Linux / gcompat”. GitLab. Archived from the original on 2021-10-16. Retrieved 2019-10-21.
  20. ^ “Manoel-linux-gitlab / GlibMus-HQ · GitLab”.