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Norhydrocodone is the major metabolite of the opioid analgesic hydrocodone.[1] It is formed from hydrocodone in the liver via N–demethylation predominantly by CYP3A4.[1] Unlike hydromorphone, a minor metabolite of hydrocodone, norhydrocodone is described as inactive.[2] However, norhydrocodone is actually an agonist of the μ-opioid receptor with similar potency to hydrocodone, but has been found to produce only minimal analgesia when administered peripherally to animals.[3] This is likely due to poor blood-brain-barrier and thus central nervous system penetration.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Zhou S (6 April 2016). Cytochrome P450 2D6: Structure, Function, Regulation and Polymorphism. CRC Press. pp. 164–. ISBN 978-1-4665-9788-4.
  2. ^ Dasgupta A, Langman LJ (23 April 2012). Pharmacogenomics of Alcohol and Drugs of Abuse. CRC Press. pp. 175–. ISBN 978-1-4398-5611-6.
  3. ^ a b Navani DM, Yoburn BC (November 2013). “In vivo activity of norhydrocodone: an active metabolite of hydrocodone”. The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 347 (2): 497–505. doi:10.1124/jpet.113.207548. PMID 23995596. S2CID 31072872.