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The Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) is a division of the White House Executive Office of the President (EOP), established by United States Congress on May 11, 1976, with the mandate to advise the president on science and technology on domestic and international affairs.

The OSTP director is colloquially known as the “science advisor to the president,” and this role was elevated to a Cabinet position by President Joe Biden (Eric Lander was the first to hold this dual role).^[1]

President Richard M. Nixon eliminated the President’s Science Advisory Committee after his second Science Advisor, Edward E. David Jr., resigned in 1973, rather than appointing a replacement. In 1975, the American Physical Society president Chien-Shiung Wu met with the new president Gerald Ford to reinstate a scientific body of advisors for the executive branch and the president, which President Ford concurred to do.^[2] The United States Congress then established the OSTP in 1976 with a broad mandate to advise the President and others within the Executive Office of the President on the effects of science and technology on domestic and international affairs. The 1976 Act also authorizes OSTP to lead inter-agency efforts to develop and to implement sound science and technology policies and budgets and to work with the private sector, state and local governments, the science and higher education communities, and other nations toward this end.

Under President Donald Trump, OSTP’s staff dropped from 135 to 45 people.^[3] The OSTP director position remained vacant for over two years, the longest vacancy for the position since the office’s founding.^[4][5][6] Kelvin Droegemeier, an atmospheric scientist who previously served as the vice president of research at the University of Oklahoma, was nominated for the position on August 1, 2018^[7] and confirmed by the Senate on January 2, 2019.

Michael Kratsios was nominated by President Trump to be the fourth Chief Technology Officer of the United States and associate director of OSTP in March 2019^[8] and was unanimously confirmed by the Senate on August 1, 2019.^[9] During Trump’s tenure, Droegemeier also managed the National Science and Technology Council.

President Joe Biden named, and the Senate later unanimously confirmed,^[10] Eric Lander as head of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, while also upgrading the position to a cabinet-level post.^[11] Lander resigned in February 2022 following reports that engaged in abusive conduct against both subordinates and other White House officials.^[12]

• In 2022, The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy held a roundtable discussion with some of the nation’s leading scientists to discuss the need to combat the climate crisis and counter arguments for delaying climate action. It is the first time that the White House has recognized scientists who study the climate denial operation run by the fossil fuel industry.^[13]
• On August 8, 2022, President Joe Biden signed into law the CHIPS and Science Act which included a provision to create a blockchain and cryptocurrency specialist advisory position under the OSTP to be established and appointed by the Director.^[14]
• On August 25, 2022, OSTP issued guidance to make all federally funded research in the United States freely available without delay.^[15][16]

Michael Kratsios is the current Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, appointed by the Trump Administration on March 25, 2025.^[17][18]

During the Biden Administration, the OSTP Director role was elevated to the cabinet.^[19]

Mathematician and geneticist Eric Lander was sworn in as Director on June 2, 2021,^[20] and later resigned on February 18, 2022, following allegations of misconduct.^[21] In February 2022, deputy director Alondra Nelson was appointed acting director, while former National Institutes of Health (NIH) director Francis Collins would serve as acting science advisor. Both assumed positions on February 18, 2022. In October 2022, Arati Prabhakar became Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy.^[22][23]

List of OSTP directors.^[24]

Denotes acting capacity.

No.	Image	Name	Start	End	Ref.	President
1		Guyford Stever	August 9, 1976	January 20, 1977			Gerald Ford (1974–1977)
2		Frank Press	January 20, 1977	January 20, 1981			Jimmy Carter (1977–1981)
–		Benjamin Huberman Acting	March 5, 1981	August 1981			Ronald Reagan (1981–1989)
3		Jay Keyworth	August 1981	December 1985
–		John McTague Acting	January 1986	May 23, 1986
–		Richard Johnson Acting	May 24, 1986	October 1, 1986
4		William Graham	October 2, 1986	June 1989
–		Thomas Rona Acting	June 1989	August 1989			George H. W. Bush (1989–1993)
–		William Wells Acting	August 1989	August 1989
5		Allan Bromley	August 1989	January 20, 1993
6		Jack Gibbons	January 20, 1993	April 3, 1998			Bill Clinton (1993–2001)
–		Kerri-Ann Jones Acting	April 4, 1998	August 3, 1998
7		Neal Lane	August 4, 1998	January 20, 2001
–		Rosina Bierbaum Acting	January 21, 2001	September 30, 2001			George W. Bush (2001–2009)
–		Clifford Gabriel Acting	October 1, 2001	October 28, 2001
8		Jack Marburger	October 29, 2001	January 20, 2009
–		Ted Wackler Acting	January 20, 2009	March 19, 2009			Barack Obama (2009–2017)
9		John Holdren	March 19, 2009	January 20, 2017	[25]
–		Ted Wackler Acting	January 20, 2017	January 11, 2019	[26]		Donald Trump (2017–2021)
10		Kelvin Droegemeier	January 11, 2019	January 20, 2021	[27]
–		Kei Koizumi Acting	January 20, 2021	June 2, 2021			Joe Biden (2021–2025)
11		Eric Lander	June 2, 2021	February 18, 2022	[28][29]
–		Alondra Nelson Acting	February 18, 2022	October 3, 2022	[30]
12		Arati Prabhakar	October 3, 2022	January 20, 2025	[23]
–		Michael Kratsios	January 20, 2025	March 25, 2025	[31]		Donald Trump (2025–present)
13			March 25, 2025	present	[32]

Key executive positions vary among administrations and are not always published online.^[33] These executives manage OSTP divisions and are Deputies to the Director / National Science Advisor.

Biden administration (2021-2024)

The Obama-era Chief Technology Officer or “CTO” role was discontinued in the Biden Administration, when the OSTP Director joined the President’s cabinet, and shifted to “Deputy Directors” leading each OSTP division.^[34] This was seen as an expansion or “elevation” of the national role of science and technology by President Biden.^[35][36]

• Climate and Environment^[37] – Deputy Director for Climate and Environment: Jane Lubchenco, former NOAA Administrator
• Energy/Industrial Innovation^[38] – Deputy Director for Energy and Chief Strategist for the Energy Transition: Sally Benson; division renamed – Deputy Director for Industrial Innovation: Justina Gallegos^[39]
• Health Outcomes^[40] – Deputy Assistant to the President for Cancer Moonshot / Deputy Director for Health Outcomes: Danielle Carnival
• National Security^[41] – Deputy Director for National Security: Stephen Welby^[42]
• Science and Society^[43] – Alondra Nelson served as the Principal Deputy Director for Science and Society from 2021-2022. She performed the duties of the director from February to October 2022. She was the first African American and first woman of color to lead OSTP. Danny Goroff led the Science and Society division after her departure, followed by Kei Koizumi.
• Technology^[44] – Deputy Director for Technology: Alexander Macgilivray; Dierdre Mulligan^[45]; Karen Kornbluh^[46] held this role in 20

Obama administration (2008-2016)

• Megan Smith served as the first U.S. CTO and sole OSTP “Deputy Director” during the Obama Administration.^[47]

• Science Advisor to the President
• Unites States Digital Service
• 18F
• Title 32 of the Code of Federal Regulations
• National Science and Technology Council
• President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology
• DOGE (Trump II Administration)

• About OSTP, official website
• Office of Science and Technology Policy in the Federal Register
• The President’s Office of Science and Technology Policy: Issues for Congress Congressional Research Service