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This article is about the mountain lion. For other uses, see P22.

P-22 (c. 2009/2010 – December 17, 2022) was a wild mountain lion who resided in Griffith Park in Los Angeles, California, at the eastern end of the Santa Monica Mountains.

P-22 was first identified in 2012, after which he was monitored by radio collar. He lived in Griffith Park for ten years and was often recorded in nearby Hollywood Hills neighborhoods as well. He was captured and euthanized in December 2022, after examinations revealed he was suffering from traumatic injuries consistent with being hit by a car, in combination with several longer-term health issues.

P-22 was the subject of significant media attention, including numerous books, television programs, and other works of art. Most significant was a photograph of him in front of the Hollywood Sign, which was featured in National Geographic. P-22’s likeness was also instrumental in funding the Wallis Annenberg Wildlife Crossing.

Life

Early life

P-22 was born c. 2009/2010 in the western part of the Santa Monica Mountains.[1] Genetic testing showed that his father was P-1,[2] the Santa Monica Mountain’s dominant male from 2002 or earlier to 2009.[3][4] P-22’s mother is unknown, as she was not recorded in the study of local pumas.[1]

Sometime before 2012, P-22 trekked east to Griffith Park, where he settled after crossing Interstate 405 and Route 101.[5][6] His journey was particularly notable because mountain lions are often killed while crossing Los Angeles freeways.[7][8] The exact route for P-22’s journey is unknown.[9]

In Griffith Park

P-22's home range in comparison to other pumas'
P-22’s home range in comparison to other pumas’

P-22 was first discovered in Griffith Park by the Griffith Park Connectivity Study and he was first caught in March 2012,[10] at which point he weighed 90 pounds (41 kg), was fitted with a GPS collar, and was designated P-22.[1][5][9][10] P-22 primarily resided in Griffith Park but was also spotted in the Hollywood Hills,[11][12][13][14] Los Feliz,[15][16] and Silver Lake.[17][18] The National Park Service noted that P-22’s 9-square-mile (23 km2) Griffith Park habitat was too small for an adult puma by a factor of 31 and that it was unlikely he would find a mate there.[1] It is the smallest range ever recorded for an adult male mountain lion.[19][note 1]

P-22 in March 2014 before his treatment for mange (left) and in December 2015, after treatment (right)

In 2014, P-22 contracted mange stemming from exposure to anti-blood-clotting rat poison by way of biomagnification.[21][22] The National Park Service captured and treated him, then released him back into Griffith Park. In December 2015, the National Park Service re-captured P-22 and found he had gained 15 pounds and fully recovered.[23][24]

In 2016, the Los Angeles Zoo reported the disappearance of an elderly koala named Killarney, whose carcass was found outside the koala enclosure.[25][26][27] Surveillance footage showed P-22 on zoo grounds, although neither his GPS-tracking data nor camera footage recorded an interaction between the two animals.[25][26][28] Los Angeles City Council member Mitch O’Farrell called for investigating the relocation of P-22 after the incident,[29] while the National Park Service called the koala killing “normal predatory behavior” and the Zoo declined to request a depredation permit, instead opting to improve its animal enclosure methods.[27]

Capture and death

In December 2022, the National Park Service and California Department of Fish and Wildlife announced they would capture P-22 to evaluate his health.[30] Previously, the services had noticed changes in his behavior, including increased agitation and venturing farther from his usual range,[31] culminating in two separate attacks on chihuahuas in Griffith Park’s neighboring communities.[32] P-22 was captured in a Los Feliz homeowner’s backyard on December 12,[33] after which he was triaged at the Los Angeles Zoo, then taken to the San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance.[34]

Officials initially announced that P-22 was in stable condition[33][35] and that he would not be euthanized unless he was suffering from a serious health condition.[34] The next day, however, officials announced that P-22 would likely not be released back into Griffith Park, as he was significantly underweight, had thinning fur, possible mange, and his right eye was damaged, the latter likely due to a vehicle collision, as one had been reported the night before P-22’s capture and P-22’s radio collar data supported his involvement.[36][37] P-22 was further examined at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park, where several serious health issues were discovered, including skull fractures, eye and skin injuries, and herniation of abdominal organs into his chest.[38] P-22 was also found to be suffering from multiple long-term ailments, including stage 2 kidney failure, heart disease, a parasitic skin infection of Demodex gatoi, and weight loss (he weighed 90 lb (41 kg) instead of his usual 125 lb (57 kg)).[39][40][41]

P-22 was euthanized on December 17, 2022 at 9:00 a.m.[36][40] A necropsy found he had a systemic ringworm infection, making him the first documented case of a demodectic mange infection concurrent with a ringworm infection in a California mountain lion. The examination also confirmed that P-22’s severe injuries and chronic conditions both impaired his ability to function in the wild and would have lowered his quality of life in human care.[42]

Burial

Up to a year before P-22’s death, the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County received applications that upon his death, they would use his remains for research purposes and also put his body on display.[43] However, after P-22’s death, the museum announced they did not plan to taxidermy his body or put his remains on display.[43] Instead, local Native American tribes requested him buried near Griffith Park with a ceremony to honor his spirit.[44]

After P-22’s necropsy, he was transported to the museum,[40] where officials and descendants from Gabrieleño/Tongva, Tataviam, Chumash, Gabrielino-Shoshone, Akimel O’otham, and Luiseño tribes held a blessing ceremony to “welcome P-22 back to his homeland”.[45] P-22’s remains were stored at the museum until he was buried on March 4 at an undisclosed location in the Santa Monica Mountains.[46] The burial was done in collaboration with local Indigenous partners, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, the Natural History Museum, and the National Park Service.[47][48][49]

Name

P-22 was the 22nd puma tracked in a Santa Monica Mountains National Park Service study, hence the name P (for “puma”) and 22.[9][10][5] He was also known as Hollywood Cat.[50]

In 2015, radio station KPCC polled listeners to choose a more personal name for P-22. Proposed names included Felix (like Felix the Cat), Yossarian (based on Catch-22), Tukuurot (the Tongva word for mountain lion), Pete Puma (Looney Tunes), Pounce de Leon (Juan Ponce de León), Huell, and Puma Thurman (Uma Thurman). However, the winning name by a large margin was P-22.[51]

Legacy and tributes

Park rangers and volunteers during P-22 Day in 2017

P-22 was the subject of numerous books and other works of art; he was also mentioned in several movies and television episodes. More broadly, P-22 became a symbol representing Los Angeles culture and wildlife conservation in California.[52][53][54] His likeness was instrumental in funding the Wallis Annenberg Wildlife Crossing[55] and articles commemorating him often noted the challenges he faced.[36]

In 2016, Beth Pratt, executive director for the National Wildlife Federation in California, helped establish the #SaveLACougars campaign and held the first P-22 Day celebration.[54] In 2023, the Los Angeles Public Library issued a limited-edition library card featuring P-22’s National Geographic photo.[56] The Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County also has an exhibit on P-22.[57]

Numerous community and public figures released statements following P-22’s death, including Governor Gavin Newsom,[58] U.S. Representative Adam Schiff,[59] State Representative Laura Friedman,[60] and City Councilmember Nithya Raman.[61] P-22’s obituary in the Los Angeles Times described him as “an aging bachelor who adjusted to a too-small space in the big city;” it also described his border-crossing journey to Griffith Park as something many residents could empathize with.[36] The Greek Theatre hosted a celebration of P-22’s life on February 4, 2023;[62] that same month, representatives Adam Schiff, Julia Brownley, and Ted Lieu wrote to the Citizens’ Stamp Advisory Committee nominating P-22 to appear on a stamp.[63]

Murals

Several murals in and around Los Angeles feature P-22, including:

Muralist Location Year painted Ref
Jonathan Martinez Esperanza Elementary School in Westlake 2020 [64]
Watts 2021 [65][66]
Ladera STARS Academy in Thousand Oaks 2022 [67]
Corie Mattie Silver Lake 2022 [68][69]
Fairfax District 2022 [70]
Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood 2024 [71]

National Geographic

Photographer Steve Winter worked with wildlife biologist Jeff Sikich to photograph P-22.[72][73] They spent fifteen months placing camera traps in Griffith Park, often having them stolen, before capturing P-22 in front of the Hollywood Sign.[73][74] The image appeared in the December 2013 issue of National Geographic.[73]

Books

Year Title Author Publisher Notes Ref.
2017 We Heart P-22: A Coloring + Activity Book Celebrating L.A.’s Most Famous Mountain Lion Narrated Objects [75]
2018 P-22: The Journey Sherry Mangel-Ferber and Calandra Cherry Ghost Cat Publications [76]
2020 P-22: The Park [77]
2020 The Cat That Changed America Tony Lee Moral [77][78]
2021 Cougar Crossing: How Hollywood’s Celebrity Cougar Helped Build a Bridge for City Wildlife Meeg Pincus Beach Lane Books Illustrated by Alexander Vidal [79][80][81]
2023 Open Throat Henry Hoke Farrar, Straus and Giroux Fictionalized portrayal of P-22 [82]

Film, television, and theater

On television, P-22 was featured as a clue on Jeopardy! in 2022[83] and his highway journey was parodied in season 4 episode 6 of Bojack Horseman.[84] P-22 was also mentioned and appears (played by another puma) in This Fool;[85][86] additionally, the show’s season 2 premiere includes a memorial dedication to P-22.[87] Films about P-22 include The Cat That Changed America (2017).[53][88]

Amy Raasch portrays P-22 in her one-woman stage production The Animal Monologues.[89][90]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ P-22 is likely not the first mountain lion to reside in Griffith Park, although the duration of his stay was remarkably long. A mountain lion’s body was found in Griffith Park c. 1996/1997 and another was sighted several times in 2004. Rangers also found evidence (including deer remains) to support the latter’s presence.[20]

References

  1. ^ a b c d “Puma Profiles: P-022”. National Park Service. Archived from the original on April 24, 2022. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
  2. ^ Nelson, Laura J. (April 21, 2022). “He’s terminally single and getting old. What’s next for P-22, L.A’s favorite wild bachelor?”. LA Times. Archived from the original on April 21, 2022.
  3. ^ Stokstad, Erik (August 14, 2014). “The real mountain lions of LA County”. Science.
  4. ^ “Life and Death of P-22, L.A.’s Most Famous Mountain Lion”. Los Angeles Almanac.
  5. ^ a b c Groves, Martha (August 14, 2012). “Mountain lion makes itself at home in Griffith Park”. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
  6. ^ Witt, Emily (May 17, 2022). “An Urban Wildlife Bridge is Coming to California”. The New Yorker.
  7. ^ Gammon, Katharine (February 13, 2022). “‘The Brad Pitt of mountain lions’: how P22 became Los Angeles’ wildest celebrity”. The Guardian. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
  8. ^ Goldberg, Noah (August 26, 2022). “Mountain lion P-22 spotted roaming Hollywood Hills streets”. Los Angeles Times.
  9. ^ a b c Curwen, Thomas (February 8, 2017). “A week in the life of P‑22, the big cat who shares Griffith Park with millions of people”. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
  10. ^ a b c “America’s Most Infamous Mountain Lion (P22 Puma Documentary)”. YouTube. Real Wild. July 9, 2022.
  11. ^ Groves, Martha (October 4, 2013). “Scientists track cougar’s wild nightlife above Hollywood”. Los Angeles Times.
  12. ^ Fields, Kayle (March 12, 2014). “Mountain Lion Calls Hollywood Hills Home”. ABC News.
  13. ^ Solis, Nathan; Yee, Gregory (March 10, 2022). “P-22 is back home in Griffith Park. Here’s how he survived urban ills to become L.A.’s most famous cat”. Los Angeles Times.
  14. ^ Park, Jeong (October 9, 2022). “Los Feliz couple encounter surprise in their driveway: mountain lion believed to be P-22”. Los Angeles Times.
  15. ^ “Mountain lion P-22 trapped under Los Feliz home”. ABC 7 – Eyewitness News. April 13, 2015.
  16. ^ Groves, Martha; Jennings, Angel (April 13, 2015). “P-22 vacates home, heads back to Griffith Park, wildlife officials say”. Los Angeles Times.
  17. ^ Kurland, Zoe (March 10, 2022). “We Saw A Mountain Lion Walking In Silver Lake. The Famous P-22 Takes A Stroll, Then Heads Home To Griffith Park”. LAist.
  18. ^ Haring, Bruce (March 27, 2022). “Celebrity Mountain Lion P-22 Visits Silver Lake Once Again This Weekend”. Deadline.
  19. ^ “Statement on P-22 from Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area”. National Park Service. December 17, 2022. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
  20. ^ Hymon, Steve; Sciaudone, Christiana (April 29, 2004). “A Mountain Lion Far From Home”. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
  21. ^ “Griffith Park Mountain Lion Exposed to Poison, Suffering from Mange”. Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area. National Park Service. April 17, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
  22. ^ Hillard, Gloria (June 21, 2014). “LA Mountain Lion A Poster Cat For California’s Rat Poison Problem”. Weekend Edition Saturday. NPR.
  23. ^ Kim, Jed (January 7, 2016). “Mountain lion P-22’s health much better in latest checkup”. KPCC.
  24. ^ Branson-Potts, Hailey (January 7, 2016). “Griffith Park mountain lion P-22 looking healthy again”. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 12, 2022.
  25. ^ a b Martinez, Michael (March 10, 2016). “Mountain lion featured in National Geographic mauls koala in L.A. Zoo”. CNN.
  26. ^ a b Serna, Joseph; Branson-Potts, Hailey (March 11, 2016). “Is P-22 mountain lion too dangerous for Griffith Park? Koala death sparks debate”. The Baltimore Sun.
  27. ^ a b Kaplan, Sarah (March 17, 2016). “L.A. Zoo to the mountain lion that probably ate its koala: No hard feelings”. The Washington Post.
  28. ^ Domonoske, Camila (March 11, 2016). “LA’s Famous Mountain Lion Suspected In Koala Killing”. The Two Way. NPR.
  29. ^ Lovett, Ian (March 23, 2016). “Prime Suspect in Koala’s Murder: Los Angeles’s Mountain Lion”. The New York Times. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
  30. ^ “California Department of Fish and Wildlife and National Park Service Team Up to Evaluate P-22”. wildlife.ca.gov (Press release). California Department of Fish and Wildlife. December 8, 2022. Archived from the original on January 29, 2023. Retrieved December 9, 2022.
  31. ^ Kranking, Carlyn (December 19, 2022). “Why Los Angeles Fell in Love With the Mountain Lion Known as P-22”. Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved December 28, 2022.
  32. ^ Yee, Gregory (December 10, 2022). “The search for P-22 is on. Here’s why capturing L.A.’s star mountain lion could take weeks”. Los Angeles Times.
  33. ^ a b Martinez, Christian; Nelson, Laura J.; Solis, Nathan (December 12, 2022). “P-22 captured in backyard of Los Feliz home, resident says”. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 12, 2022.
  34. ^ a b Martinez, Christian; Solis, Nathan; Nelson, Laura J.; Yee, Gregory (December 13, 2022). “What will happen to P-22 after his capture? ‘No options are off the table’ for big cat”. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 13, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2022.
  35. ^ Albeck-Ripka, Livia (December 12, 2022). “The Lion Sleeps Tonight: P-22, Elusive L.A. Fixture, Is Captured”. The New York Times. Retrieved December 13, 2022.
  36. ^ a b c d Nelson, Laura J.; Queally, James (December 17, 2022). “P-22, L.A. celebrity mountain lion, euthanized due to severe injuries”. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 17, 2022. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
  37. ^ Martinez, Christian; Solis, Nathan (December 13, 2022). “P-22’s health seriously deteriorating, with euthanasia or sanctuary possible”. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 14, 2022. Retrieved December 14, 2022.
  38. ^ Heyward, Giulia (December 17, 2022). “P-22, Hollywood’s famous mountain lion, is euthanized after suffering injuries”. NPR News. Retrieved December 22, 2022.
  39. ^ “Mountain Lion P-22 Compassionately Euthanized Following Complete Health Evaluation Results” (Press release). California Department of Fish and Wildlife. December 17, 2022. Archived from the original on December 26, 2022.
  40. ^ a b c Kiszla, Cameron (December 17, 2022). “P-22 euthanized days after capture; cougar had been struck by car, wildlife officials say”. KTLA. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
  41. ^ Pratt, Beth (December 17, 2022). “A Eulogy for P-22, A Mountain Lion Who Changed the World”. nwf.org. National Wildlife Federation.
  42. ^ “Final necropsy results released for mountain lion P-22”. CDFW News. California Department of Fish and Wildlife. June 14, 2023. Archived from the original on June 14, 2023. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  43. ^ a b Solis, Nathan (December 23, 2022). “Dispute arises over P-22’s remains as Indigenous people fight for Griffith Park burial”. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
  44. ^ “Native tribes call for famed mountain lion P-22 to be buried with ceremony near Griffith Park”. ABC7 Los Angeles. December 24, 2022. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
  45. ^ Sternfield, Marc (December 24, 2022). “Tribal concerns complicate plans for P-22; Natural History Museum says the cougar will not go on display”. KTLA. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  46. ^ Dazio, Stefanie (February 4, 2023). “Tribes, researchers debate final fate of P-22, famed LA puma”. AP News. Retrieved February 12, 2023.
  47. ^ Arce, Ernesto; Ogilvie, Jessica P. (March 6, 2023). “P-22 Has Been Laid To Rest In The Santa Monica Mountains In A Private Ceremony”. LAist. Retrieved March 7, 2023.
  48. ^ Sternfield, Marc (March 6, 2023). “Famed mountain lion P-22 buried in tribal ceremony”. KTLA. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  49. ^ “Famed mountain lion P-22 buried in the Santa Monica Mountains”. ABC 7 Los Angeles. March 6, 2023. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
  50. ^ Pratt, Beth (2016). When Mountain Lions Are Neighbors. Heydey Books. ISBN 978-1-59714-638-8.
  51. ^ Rabe, John (April 24, 2015). “And P-22 the mountain lion’s ‘new’ name, selected by listeners, is…” KPCC.
  52. ^ Kevin Andrew Dolak (December 22, 2022). “I Am the Man Behind the Anonymous P-22 Twitter Account”. Los Angeles Magazine. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
  53. ^ a b Dickinson, Ian (March 11, 2021). “World’s largest wildlife crossing one step closer to becoming a reality”. Earth Touch News Network.
  54. ^ a b Schreiner, Casey (October 20, 2022). “L.A.’s most famous mountain lion gets a party this weekend”. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 28, 2022.
  55. ^ Cowan, Jill (May 4, 2023). “The Enduring Power of a Big Cat in Star-Obsessed Los Angeles”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 13, 2023.
  56. ^ Von Quednow, Cindy; Riesmeyer, Andy (February 23, 2023). “Los Angeles Public Library releases limited-edition library card honoring P-22”. KTLA. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  57. ^ “P-22”. Natural History Museum.
  58. ^ “Governor Newsom Statement on Mountain Lion P-22”. gov.ca.gov (Press release). Sacramento, California. Office of Governor of the State of California. December 17, 2022.
  59. ^ “Congressman Schiff on the Passing of P-22” (Press release). Office of Congressman Adam Schiff CA 28. December 17, 2022. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
  60. ^ McDaniel, Justine (December 17, 2022). “Iconic L.A. mountain lion euthanized after ‘extraordinary life’“. The Washington Post.
  61. ^ Dahir, Ikran (December 17, 2022). “This Moving Eulogy Of P-22, The Famous Big Cat That Stole Los Angeles’s Heart, Is Making Us Tear Up”. Buzzfeed News.
  62. ^ Toohey, Grace (December 28, 2022). “Celebration of life for P-22 set for Feb. 4 in Griffith Park”. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 1, 2023.
  63. ^ Nelson, Laura J. (February 3, 2023). “A P-22 postage stamp? Schiff kicks off effort to honor L.A.’s celebrity puma”. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on February 3, 2023. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  64. ^ Wagner, Tara Lynn (August 24, 2020). “LA’s Most Famous Mountain Lion Stars in New Mural”. Spectrum News 1. Archived from the original on November 30, 2021.
  65. ^ City News Service (April 19, 2021). “New Watts mural features famed P-22 mountain lion”. KNX News 97.1 FM.
  66. ^ Keller, Bertram (May 27, 2021). “Mural in Watts Illustrates When Nature Imitates Life”. Los Angeles Sentinel.
  67. ^ Feraday, Caroline (December 5, 2022). “The P-22 mountain lion is featured in a new mural project in the Conejo Valley”. KCLU. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
  68. ^ Kurzweil, Tony (October 5, 2022). “Local artist features mountain lion P-22 in Silver Lake mural”. KTLA.
  69. ^ Scauzillo, Steve (October 4, 2022). “P-22, the ‘Hollywood Cat’ who lives in Griffith Park, is honored in a mural in Silver Lake”. Los Angeles Daily News.
  70. ^ Chow, Vivian (December 21, 2022). “‘Long Live the King’: Mural honoring famed L.A. mountain lion P-22 debuts”. KTLA.
  71. ^ Tokumatsu, Gordon (October 17, 2024). “Muralist honors legendary mountain lion P-22 with artwork in Hollywood”. NBC4.
  72. ^ Nyce, Caroline Mimbs (November 29, 2022). “Tracking the Mountain Lion That Ate a Chihuahua”. The Atlantic.
  73. ^ a b c Dell’Amore, Christine (December 14, 2022). “How this photo turned a reclusive mountain lion into a Hollywood icon”. National Geographic. Archived from the original on December 14, 2022.
  74. ^ Keefe, Alexa (November 14, 2013). “A Cougar Ready for His Closeup”. National Geographic. Archived from the original on March 1, 2021.
  75. ^ Medenilla, Klarize (June 2, 2021). “Filipino American-Led ‘We Heart L.A. Parks’ Celebrates The Rich History Of Los Angeles Parks And The Diverse Communities That Uplift Them”. MDWK Magazine. Asian Journal.
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  77. ^ a b Guldimann, Suzanne (December 18, 2020). “Two New Books Celebrate the Life of Mountain Lion P-22”. Topanga New Times. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
  78. ^ Lane, Cassandra (November 4, 2020). “READ ABOUT – AND HELP – MOUNTAIN LION P22”. L.A. Parent.
  79. ^ Zeng, Cady (April 6, 2021). “Environmental Kids’ Books for 2021”. Publishers Weekly.
  80. ^ Westmoore, Jean (February 12, 2021). “Books in Brief: Treasure of the World, The Incredible Painting of Felix Clousseau, Cougar Crossing”. The Buffalo News.
  81. ^ Schlichenmeyer, Terri (May 24, 2021). “Ring the bell, kids! Summer’s here, along with some fantastic reads”. The Guam Daily Post.
  82. ^ Raina, Rahul (July 28, 2023). “Open Throat by Henry Hoke review – inside the mind of a queer mountain lion”. The Guardian.
  83. ^ “This type of wild cat with many names has a superstar in P-22 prowling the canyons of the L.A. area for years”. Jeopardy Archive. September 27, 2022. Retrieved December 21, 2022.
  84. ^ “S4E6: Stupid Piece of Sh*t”. Bojack Horseman. Season 4. Netflix.
  85. ^ “This Fool – Sh*t or Get Off the Pot Transcript”. TV Show Transcript. Retrieved March 12, 2023.
  86. ^ Len, Sophie (December 17, 2022). “LA’s Beloved Mountain Lion, P-22, Has Been Euthanized”. Secret Los Angeles. Retrieved March 12, 2023.
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