Panchkhal (Nepali: पाँचखाल) is a Municipality in Kavrepalanchok District in the Bagmati Province of central Nepal. Panchkhal has an area of 103 km2 and population density of 345/km2, according to the 2021 Nepal census.[2] Glacial strand retreat and fluvial incision led to develop landscapes and evolve the area having a relief of about 122 to 750 m.[3] At the time of the 2021 Nepal census, it had a population of 35,521 in 9,133 total households. Panchkhal municipality was established in 2016 through the merger of five former Village Development Committees (VDCs): Anaikot, Hokse Bazar, Kharelthok, Koshidekha, and Baluwa. The restructuring was carried out following a decision made in 2014 by the Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration.[4] Panchkhal is known for its agricultural productivity and promotes itself with the motto of “पाँचखाल नगर-कृषि शहर (lit. Panchkhal Municipal-Agriculture City)”.[5]
Demographics
At the time of the 2021 Nepal census, Panchkhal Municipality had a population of 35,521. Of these, 48.9% spoke Nepali, 21.4% Tamang, 11.8% Danuwar, 11.2% Newar, 0.3% Maithili, 0.9% Magar and 5.5% other languages as their first language.[6]
In terms of ethnicity/caste, 25.4% were Hill Brahmin, 22.9% Tamang, 12.8% Danuwar, 12.4% Newar, 8.8% Chhetri, 5.7% Mijar, 4.4% Bishwakarma, 3.6% Done, 2.1% Pariyar, 1.8% Gharti/Bhujel, and 0.1% others.[2]
In terms of religion, 74.4% were Hindu, 21.8% Buddhist, 3.6% Christian, 0.1% Prakriti, 0.07% Muslim and 0.03% others.[7]
In terms of education, the overall literacy rate was 75.15%, where the literacy rate among males was 84.46% and females was 66.49%.[8]
Climate
Panchkhal has average temperatures of 24.9 °C and the average low is 11.66 °C throughout the year. Temperatures may rise up to 38 °C in the summer season and winters are generally dry with a record low temperature of -10 °C in 2008. Average rainfall is about 10.2 cm throughout the year. Rainfall is mostly monsoon-based (about 65% of the annual rainfall occurs during the monsoon months of June to August) and it decreases substantially (100 to 200 cm (39 to 79 in)) from eastern Nepal to western Nepal. In the winter season it rarely rains which creates harsh conditions for farmers who mainly depend on rain for irrigation.[9]
| Climate data for Panchkhal, elevation 865 m (2,838 ft), (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 21.3 (70.3) |
24.1 (75.4) |
27.9 (82.2) |
31.0 (87.8) |
32.1 (89.8) |
31.6 (88.9) |
31.9 (89.4) |
32.0 (89.6) |
31.3 (88.3) |
29.7 (85.5) |
26.1 (79.0) |
22.5 (72.5) |
28.5 (83.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 12.8 (55.0) |
15.3 (59.5) |
18.7 (65.7) |
22.2 (72.0) |
24.9 (76.8) |
26.5 (79.7) |
27.2 (81.0) |
27.3 (81.1) |
26.2 (79.2) |
22.8 (73.0) |
18.1 (64.6) |
14.2 (57.6) |
21.3 (70.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.2 (39.6) |
6.4 (43.5) |
9.5 (49.1) |
13.4 (56.1) |
17.6 (63.7) |
21.3 (70.3) |
22.5 (72.5) |
22.5 (72.5) |
21.1 (70.0) |
15.9 (60.6) |
10.0 (50.0) |
5.8 (42.4) |
14.2 (57.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 11.8 (0.46) |
16.9 (0.67) |
21.4 (0.84) |
44.2 (1.74) |
98.1 (3.86) |
202.2 (7.96) |
291.3 (11.47) |
286.4 (11.28) |
165.3 (6.51) |
51.0 (2.01) |
7.6 (0.30) |
13.4 (0.53) |
1,209.6 (47.63) |
| Source 1: Department of Hydrology and Meteorology[10] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: JICA (precipitation)[11] | |||||||||||||
Economy
Tourism
Palanchok Bhagwati temple, a famous religious and tourist attraction, is located in Panchkhal Municipality and lies about a half-hour ride from the core area of Panchkhal Bazaar. It houses a shrine dedicated to the goddess of the same name, who has 18 arms and is believed to protect from danger and misfortune. The temple dates back to 503 AD.[12]
Panchkhal is near to one of the reputed tourist destination of the country, Dhulikhel and Panauti, and its natural environment and the culture and traditions of the people living here attracts tourists.[citation needed] Panchkhal shares some resorts with Dhulikhel.
Special Economic Zone
A budget of Rs 1.2 billion has been estimated for the construction of SEZ in Panchkhal. The construction of infrastructure at the Panchkhal economic zone, touted as a major facility to promote trade with China. The government has already acquired 1,000 ropanis of land—600 ropanis from the Devisthan Padula Subarnashwori Community Forest and 400 ropanis from the Sikharpur Community Forest. The Industry Ministry has paid Rs200 million to the Ministry of Forest for the land. If the SEZ is brought into operation, more than 50 large factories can be operated there. It can also provide warehousing facilities for goods imported from China.[13]
The Nepal government has a plan to add oil depots in Panchkhal.[14]
Educational facilities
Panchkhal municipality has multiple public and private educational institutions. Of those, some public schools are:
- Shree Sarbamangala Higher Secondary School[15]
- Shree Azad Secondary School
Army Base
Nepal Army Birendra Peace Operations Training Centre (BPOTC) is a training institute of Nepal which is dedicated for providing training to all Nepalese Army personnel participating in various UNPKO.[16]
The Nepalese Army established an ad hoc “Peace Keeping Training Camp” in 1986, which was subsequently restructured into a dedicated Training centre in 2001. It was renamed as Birendra Peace Operations Training Center with the motto “PEACE WITH HONOUR”.[17]
References
- ^ “Postal Services Department”. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
- ^ a b https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/local-level?province=3&district=31&municipality=6
- ^ Timsina, Yadu Nath; Adhikary, Prakash Chandra (2007). “Quaternary stratigraphy of Panchkhal valley, Central Nepal”. Bulletin of the Department of Geology. 10: 1–8. doi:10.3126/bdg.v10i0.1415. ISSN 1996-3491.
- ^ “संक्षिप्त परिचय | पाँचखाल नगरपालिका”. panchkhalmun.gov.np (in Nepali). Retrieved 6 May 2026.
- ^ “Panchkhal Municipality Office | Government of Nepal”. www.panchkhalmun.gov.np. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
- ^ census nepal, census2021 (2021). “National Population and census 2021”.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/local-level?province=3&district=31&municipality=6
- ^ https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/population?province=3&district=31&municipality=6
- ^ “High and dry – Nepali Times”. nepalitimes.com. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
- ^ “Climate Division (Climate Analysis Section)”. Department of Hydrology and Meteorology. Retrieved 10 February 2025.
- ^ “ネパール国 全国貯水式水力発電所マスタープラン調査 ファイナルレポート” (PDF). Japan International Cooperation Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 April 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2025.
- ^ Board, Nepal Tourism. “Palanchowk Bhagawati”. ntb.gov.np. Retrieved 6 May 2026.
- ^ “Panchkhal SEZ project formally recommences”. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
- ^ “2 more oil depots to be built to boost reserves”. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
- ^ “Sarbamangala Higher Secondary School Panchkhal-4 Kavrepalanchok”. edusanjal.com. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
- ^ Ghimire, Binod. “UN accredits Nepal Army training centre in Kavre”. kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ “Birendra Peace Operations Training Centre”. bpotc.mil.np. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
