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Naturally occurring platinum (78Pt) consists of five stable isotopes (192Pt, 194Pt, 195Pt, 196Pt, 198Pt) and one long-lived (half-life 4.83×1011 years) radioisotope (190Pt). There are also 34 known synthetic radioisotopes ranging from 165Pt to 204Pt, and longest-lived of those is 193Pt with a half-life of 50 years. All the others have half-lives under two weeks, most under a day. There are numerous metastable states, of which the most stable are 193mPt and 195mPt with half-lives 4.33 and 4.010 days, decaying to their ground states.

Despite the obstacles to measurement with rare isotopes of rare elements, with a very slow decay, the 190Pt/186Os system has been used in isotope geology, though not directly for dating.[4]

All isotopes of platinum are either radioactive or observationally stable, meaning that they are predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed. Platinum-195 is the most abundant isotope, making platinum one of the only three elements to have its most abundant isotope with an odd neutron number (the other two being beryllium and nitrogen); however, it is so only by a small margin, unlike the other two, and is more in the nature of a coincidence.

List of isotopes


Nuclide
[n 1] 		Z N Isotopic mass (Da)[5]
[n 2][n 3] 		Discovery
year[6][7] 		Half-life[1]
[n 4] 		Decay
mode[1]
[n 5] 		Daughter
isotope
[n 6][n 7] 		Spin and
parity[1]
[n 8][n 9] 		Natural abundance (mole fraction)
Excitation energy[n 9] Normal proportion[1] Range of variation
165Pt 78 87 164.99966(43)# 2019 370(180) μs α 161Os 7/2−#
166Pt 78 88 165.99487(32)# 1996 294(62) μs α 162Os 0+
167Pt 78 89 166.99275(33)# 1996 920(120) μs α 163Os 7/2−#
168Pt 78 90 167.98818(16) 1981 2.02(10) ms α 164Os 0+
β+ ? 168Ir
169Pt 78 91 168.98662(22)# 1981 6.99(9) ms α 165Os (7/2−)
β+ ? 169Ir
170Pt 78 92 169.982502(20) 1981 13.93(16) ms α 166Os 0+
β+ ? 170Ir
171Pt 78 93 170.981249(87) 1981 45.5(25) ms α (86%) 167Os 7/2−
β+ (14%) 171Ir
171mPt 412.6(10) keV 2010 901(9) ns IT 171Pt 13/2+
172Pt 78 94 171.977341(11) 1981 97.6(13) ms α (96%) 168Os 0+
β+ (4%) 172Ir
173Pt 78 95 172.976450(68) 1966 382(2) ms α (86%) 169Os (5/2−)
β+ (14%) 173Ir
174Pt 78 96 173.972820(11) 1966 862(8) ms α (74.9%) 170Os 0+
β+ (25.1%) 174Ir
175Pt 78 97 174.972401(20) 1966 2.43(4) s α (64%) 171Os (7/2−)
β+ (36%) 175Ir
176Pt 78 98 175.968938(14) 1966 6.33(15) s β+ (60%) 176Ir 0+
α (40%) 172Os
177Pt 78 99 176.968470(16) 1966 10.0(04) s β+ (94.3%) 177Ir 5/2−
α (5.7%) 173Os
177mPt 147.5(4) keV 1979 2.35(4) μs IT 177Pt 1/2−
178Pt 78 100 177.965649(11) 1966 20.7(7) s β+ (92.3%) 178Ir 0+
α (7.7%) 174Os
179Pt 78 101 178.9653588(86) 1966 21.2(4) s β+ (99.76%) 179Ir 1/2−
α (0.24%) 175Os
180Pt 78 102 179.963038(11) 1966 56(3) s β+ (99.48%) 180Ir 0+
α (0.52%) 176Os
181Pt 78 103 180.963090(15) 1966 52.0(22) s β+ (99.93%) 181Ir 1/2−
α (0.074%) 177Os
181mPt 116.65(8) keV 1976 >300 ns IT 181Pt 7/2−
182Pt 78 104 181.961172(14) 1963 2.67(12) min β+ (99.962%) 182Ir 0+
α (0.038%) 178Os
183Pt 78 105 182.961596(15) 1963 6.5(10) min β+ (99.99%) 183Ir 1/2−
α (0.0096%) 179Os
183m1Pt 34.74(7) keV 1979 43(5) s β+ (96.9%) 183Ir 7/2−
IT (3.1%) 183Pt
α ? 179Os
183m2Pt 195.90(10) keV 1984 >150 ns IT 183Pt 9/2+
184Pt 78 106 183.959922(16) 1963 17.3(2) min β+ 184Ir 0+
α (0.0017%) 180Os
184mPt 1840.3(8) keV 1966 1.01(5) ms IT 184Pt 8−
185Pt 78 107 184.960614(28) 1960 70.9(24) min β+ 185Ir 9/2+
α (0.0050%) 181Os
185m1Pt 103.41(5) keV 1979 33.0(8) min β+ 185Ir 1/2−
185m2Pt 200.89(4) keV 1996 728(20) ns IT 185Pt 5/2−
186Pt 78 108 185.959351(23) 1960 2.08(5) h β+ 186Ir 0+
α (1.4×10−4%) 182Os
187Pt 78 109 186.960617(26) 1960 2.35(3) h β+ 187Ir 3/2−
187mPt 174.38(22) keV 1976 311(15) μs IT 187Pt 11/2+
188Pt 78 110 187.9593975(57) 1954 10.16(18) d EC 188Ir 0+
α (2.6×10−5%) 184Os
189Pt 78 111 188.960848(11) 1955 10.87(12) h β+ 189Ir 3/2−
189m1Pt 172.79(6) keV 1969 464(25) ns IT 189Pt 9/2−
189m2Pt 191.6(4) keV 1976 143(5) μs IT 189Pt (13/2+)
190Pt 78 112 189.95994982(71) 1949 4.83(3)×1011 y α[n 10] 186Os 0+ 1.2(2)×10−4
191Pt 78 113 190.9616763(44) 1948 2.83(2) d EC 191Ir 3/2−
191m1Pt 100.663(20) keV 1976 >1 μs IT 191Pt 9/2−
191m2Pt 149.035(22) keV 1967 95(5) μs IT 191Pt 13/2+
192Pt 78 114 191.9610427(28) 1935 Observationally Stable[n 11] 0+ 0.00782(24)
192mPt 2172.37(13) keV 1976 272(23) ns IT 192Pt 10−
193Pt 78 115 192.9629845(15) 1948 50(6) y EC 193Ir 1/2−
193mPt 149.78(4) keV 1949 4.33(3) d IT 193Pt 13/2+
194Pt 78 116 193.96268350(53) 1935 Observationally Stable[n 12] 0+ 0.3286(41)
195Pt 78 117 194.96479433(54) 1935 Observationally Stable[n 13] 1/2− 0.3378(24)
195mPt 259.077(23) keV 1952 4.010(5) d IT 195Pt 13/2+
196Pt 78 118 195.96495465(55) 1935 Observationally Stable[n 14] 0+ 0.2521(34)
197Pt 78 119 196.96734303(58) 1936 19.8915(19) h β− 197Au 1/2−
197mPt 399.59(20) keV 1952 95.41(18) min IT (96.7%) 197Pt 13/2+
β− (3.3%) 197Au
198Pt 78 120 197.9678967(23) 1935 Observationally Stable[n 15] 0+ 0.0734(13)
199Pt 78 121 198.9705970(23) 1937 30.80(21) min β− 199Au 5/2−
199mPt 424(2) keV 1959 13.48(16) s IT 199Pt 13/2+
200Pt 78 122 199.971445(22) 1957 12.6(3) h β− 200Au 0+
201Pt 78 123 200.974513(54) 1962 2.5(1) min β− 201Au (5/2−)
202Pt 78 124 201.975639(27) 1992 44(15) h β− 202Au 0+
202mPt 1788.5(4) keV 2005 141(7) μs IT 202Pt (7−)
203Pt 78 125 202.97906(22)# 2008 22(4) s β− 203Au (1/2−)
203m1Pt 1367(3)# keV 2013 12(5) s β− 203Au 13/2+#
IT ? 203Pt
203m2Pt 1420(50)# keV (2008)[n 16] >100# ns IT 203Pt 27/2−#
203m3Pt 2530(50)# keV 2011 641(55) ns IT 203Pt 33/2+#
204Pt 78 126 203.98108(22)# 2008 10.3(14) s β− 204Au 0+
204m1Pt 1995.1(07) keV 2008 5.5(7) μs IT 204Pt (5−)
204m2Pt 2035(23) keV 2008 55(3) μs IT 204Pt (7−)
204m3Pt 3193(23) keV 2008 146(14) ns IT 204Pt (10+)
205Pt 78 127 204.98624(32)# 2010 2# s β− ? 205Au 9/2+#
206Pt 78 128 205.99008(32)# 2012 500# ms β− ? 206Au 0+
β−n ? 205Au
207Pt 78 129 206.99556(43)# 2012 600# ms β− ? 207Au 9/2+#
β−n ? 206Au
208Pt 78 130 207.99946(43)# 2012 220# ms β− ? 208Au 0+
β−n ? 207Au
This table header & footer:
  1. ^ mPt – Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. ^ Bold half-life – nearly stable, half-life longer than age of universe.
  5. ^ Modes of decay:
    EC: Electron capture


    IT: Isomeric transition
  6. ^ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
  7. ^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
  8. ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
  9. ^ a b # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  10. ^ Theorized to also undergo β+β+ decay to 190Os
  11. ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 188Os with a half-life over 6.0×1016 years
  12. ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 190Os
  13. ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 191Os with a half-life over 6.3×1018 years
  14. ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 192Os
  15. ^ Believed to undergo α decay to 194Os or double β− decay to 198Hg with a half-life over 3.20×1014 years
  16. ^ Half-life not measured, not included in discovery database

See also

Daughter products other than platinum

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). “The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties” (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  2. ^ “Standard Atomic Weights: Platinum”. CIAAW. 2005.
  3. ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). “Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)”. Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
  4. ^ Walker, Richard J.; Morgan, John W.; Beary, Ellyn S.; Smoliar, Michael I.; Czamanske, Gerald K.; Horan, Mary F. (1997). “Applications of the 190Pt 186Os isotope system to geochemistry and cosmochemistry”. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 61 (22): 4799–4807. Bibcode:1997GeCoA..61.4799W. doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00270-6.
  5. ^ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). “The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*”. Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
  6. ^ FRIB Nuclear Data Group. “Discovery of Nuclides Project, Isotope Database”. doi:10.11578/frib/2279152.
  7. ^ FRIB Nuclear Data Group. “Discovery of Nuclides Project, Isomer Database”. doi:10.11578/frib/2572219.