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Porphine or porphin is an organic compound of empirical formula C20H14N4. It is heterocyclic and aromatic. The molecule is a flat macrocycle, consisting of four pyrrole-like rings joined by four methine bridges, which makes it the simplest of the tetrapyrroles.[2]

The nonpolar tetrapyrrolic ring structure of porphine means it is poorly soluble in most organic solvents and hardly water soluble.[3] As a result, porphine is mostly of theoretical interest. It has been detected in GC-MS of certain fractions of Piper betle.[4]

Porphine derivatives: porphyrins

Further information: Porphyrin

Substituted derivatives of porphine are called porphyrins. Many porphyrins are found in nature with the dominant example being protoporphyrin IX.[5] Many synthetic porphyrins are also known, including octaethylporphyrin[6] and tetraphenylporphyrin.[7]

  • Common porphyrins
  • Derivatives of protoporphyrin IX are common in nature, the precursor to hemes.
    Derivatives of protoporphyrin IX are common in nature, the precursor to hemes.
  • Octaethylporphyrin (H2OEP) is a synthetic analogue of protoporphyrin IX. Unlike the natural porphyrin ligands, OEP2− is highly symmetrical.
    Octaethylporphyrin (H2OEP) is a synthetic analogue of protoporphyrin IX. Unlike the natural porphyrin ligands, OEP2− is highly symmetrical.
  • Tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP)is another synthetic analogue of protoporphyrin IX. Unlike the natural porphyrin ligands, TPP2− is highly symmetrical. Another difference is that its methine centers are occupied by phenyl groups.
    Tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP)is another synthetic analogue of protoporphyrin IX. Unlike the natural porphyrin ligands, TPP2− is highly symmetrical. Another difference is that its methine centers are occupied by phenyl groups.


Further reading

References

  1. ^ “TP-0 and TP-1”. iupac.qmul.ac.uk. Retrieved 2025-08-25.
  2. ^ “Porphyrin”. Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry. Wiley-VCH. 2011. doi:10.1002/9781119951438.eibd0638. ISBN 978-1-119-95143-8.
  3. ^ Senge, Mathias O.; Davis, Mia (2010). “Porphyrin (porphine) — A neglected parent compound with potential” (PDF). Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines. 14 (07): 557–567. doi:10.1142/s1088424610002495. ISSN 1088-4246.
  4. ^ Karak S, Das S, Biswas M, Choudhury A, Dutta M, Chaudhury K, De B (December 2019). “Phytochemical composition, β-glucuronidase inhibition, and antioxidant properties of two fractions of Piper betle leaf aqueous extract”. Journal of Food Biochemistry. 43 (12) e13048. doi:10.1111/jfbc.13048. PMID 31581322. S2CID 203661105.
  5. ^ Paul R. Ortiz de Montellano (2008). “Hemes in Biology”. Wiley Encyclopedia of Chemical Biology. John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/9780470048672.wecb221. ISBN 978-0-470-04867-2.
  6. ^ Jonathan L. Sessler; Azadeh Mozaffari; Martin R. Johnson (1992). “3,4-Diethylpyrrole and 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-Octaethylporphyrin”. Org. Synth. 70: 68. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.070.0068.
  7. ^ Lindsey, Jonathan S. (2000). “Synthesis of meso-substituted porphyrins”. In Kadish, Karl M.; Smith, Kevin M.; Guilard, Roger (eds.). Porphyrin Handbook. Vol. 1. pp. 45–118. ISBN 0-12-393200-9.