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The Sinuiju Formation(신의주층) is a geologic formation in North Korea. Formerly of uncertain age, it is now thought to be Early Cretaceous. A variety of fossils are known from the formation, including those of anurognathid pterosaurs (possibly Jeholopterus) and birds such as the specimen of a very large enantiornithine with a 5 cm (2.0 in) long tibia and a 3.5 cm (1.4 in) long pygostyle. Frogs have also been found in the formation.[1][2] Numerous compression fossils of insects have also been found.[3]

Fossil content

Fish

Fish from the Sinujiu Formation
Genus Species Material Notes Member Images
Lycoptera L. sp.[1][2]
Acipenseriformes Indeterminate [1][2]

Amphibians

Amphibians from the Sinujiu Formation
Genus Species Material Notes Member Images
Anura Anura indet. (Possibly Liaobatrachus grabaui).[4]

Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs from the Continental Teriminal Formation
Genus Species Material Notes Member Images
Jeholopterus J. cf. ningchengensis[5] Specimen CKGP 19960828, formerly PS198922[5][6]
Pterosauria Indeterminate Specimen PS199921[7]

Dinosaurs

Birds

Birds from the Sinujiu Formation
Genus Species Material Notes Member Images
Confuciusornithidae Confuciusornithidae indet.[1][2] (Includes the fossil known colloquially as the Archaeopteryx of Korea)
Enantiornithes Indeterminate [1][2]
Ornithurae Indeterminate [2]

Non-avian dinosaurs

Dinosaurs from the Sinujiu Formation
Genus Species Material Notes Member Images
Dinosauria Indeterminate A single tooth[7]

Mammals

Proboscideans from the Continental Teriminal Formation
Genus Species Material Notes Member Images
Multituberculata Indeterminate[8]

Insects

Insects from the Sinujiu Formation[9]
Genus Species Material Notes Member Images
Angarosphex A. baektoensus
Ephemeropsis E. sp
Karataus K. ryonsangensis
Sinuijumantispa S. ryonsangiensis[10]
Stenophlebia S. ryonsangensis[11]
Stellularis S. sinuijuensis
Sinuijus S. baektoensis
Sinuijuhelorus S. baektoensis
Pompilopterus P. ryonsangensis
Zygadenia Z. liui[12]

Conchostracans

Conchostracans from the Sinujiu Formation
Genus Species Material Notes Member Images
Eosestheria E. sp. A conchostracan[2]

Uncertain

Uncertain fossils from the Sinujiu Formation
Genus Species Material Notes Member Images
“Proornis” P. coreae Nomen nudum; assigned to Osteichthyes by the original describer in 1993 but assigned to Aves in 1996[13]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Gao, K.; Li, Q.; Wei, M.; Pak, H.; Pak, I. (2009). “Early Cretaceous birds and pterosaurs from the Sinuiju Series, and geographic extension of the Jehol Biota into the Korean Peninsula” (PDF). Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea. 25 (1): 57–61. ISSN 1225-0929.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Choi, S.; Lee, Y.N. (2017). “A review of vertebrate body fossils from the Korean Peninsula and perspectives”. Geosciences Journal. 21 (6): 867–889. Bibcode:2017GescJ..21..867C. doi:10.1007/s12303-017-0040-6. S2CID 133835817.
  3. ^ Jon, SuHyang; Won, CholGuk; So, KwangSik; Nam, TuYong (July 2019). “New Mesozoic insect fossils from the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea”. Cretaceous Research. 99: 240–245. Bibcode:2019CrRes..99..240J. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.02.019. S2CID 134337948.
  4. ^ So, Kwang-Sik; Jong, Tal-Mi; Won, Chol Guk; Jo, Song-Dae (2022-08-05). “A fossil anuran from the Lower Cretaceous Sinuiju Formation, North Phyongan Province, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea”. Cretaceous Research. 140 105304. Bibcode:2022CrRes.14005304S. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105304. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 251425462.
  5. ^ a b So, K. S.; Kim, P. H.; Won, C. G. (2024). “First Articulated Rhamphorhynchoid Pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea”. Paleontological Journal. 57 (1 supplement): S90–S94. doi:10.1134/S003103012360018X.
  6. ^ Won, C.G. (2022). Kim, K.C. (ed.). Sinuiju Biota of the Mesozoic in Korea (PDF). Foreign Languages Publishing House. p. 83.
  7. ^ a b Won, Chol Guk; So, Kwang-Sik; Pak, Un Song; Ju, Il Yop; Ri, Chol Jun; Jon, Su Hyang; Ma, Jun (November 2022). “Discovery of Early Cretaceous Sinuiju Biota in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and comparison with Jehol Biota in China”. Cretaceous Research. 139 105303. Bibcode:2022CrRes.13905303W. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105303.
  8. ^ Won, C. G.; So, K. S.; Jon, S. H. (December 2023). “The First Known Mesozoic Mammal in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea”. Paleontological Journal. 57 (7): 826–832. Bibcode:2023PalJ…57..826W. doi:10.1134/S0031030123070122. ISSN 0031-0301.
  9. ^ Paektodong, Sinuiju City at Fossilworks.org
  10. ^ So, Kwang- Sik; Won, Chol-Guk (2022-02-16). “A new fossil mantis fly (Insecta: Neuroptera: Mantispidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea”. Cretaceous Research. 135 105175. Bibcode:2022CrRes.13505175S. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105175. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 246936524.
  11. ^ Won, Chol-Guk; So, Kwang-Sik; Kim, Hui-Chol (March 2022). “A new odonatan (Stenophlebiidae) from the Lower Cretaceous Sinuiju Formation of North Phyongan Province, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea”. Palaeoworld. 31 (1): 116–120. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2021.02.002.
  12. ^ Won, CholGuk; Jon, SuHyang; So, KwangSik; Hyon, LiJong (October 2020). “First record of a beetle (Coleoptera: Cupedidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea”. Cretaceous Research. 114 104276. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104276.
  13. ^ “†Proornis Lim 1993 (bird)”. Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 2026-04-17.