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With an elevation of around 4,200 metres (14,000 ft), Qumarlêb County has an alpine climate (Köppen ETH), with long, frigid winters, and short, cool and rainy summers. Average low temperatures are below freezing from mid September to late May and below −17.8 °C or 0 °F from early December to mid-February. However, due to the wide diurnal temperature variation, average highs are only below freezing from mid/late November until early March. Despite frequent rain during summer, when a majority of days sees rain, no month has less than 50 percent of possible sunshine; with monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 51 percent in June to 78 percent in November, the county seat receives 2,782 hours of bright sunshine annually. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −12.8 °C (9.0 °F) in January to 9.7 °C (49.5 °F) in July, while the annual mean is −1.2 °C (29.8 °F). Over three-fourths of the annual precipitation of 406 mm (16.0 in) is delivered from June to September.

Affected by global warming, the rate of temperature increase has increased significantly in the past 10 years. In August 2022, the hottest month in history was recorded, with an average temperature of 13.9 °C (57.0 °F), and the highest temperature ever recorded was 25.6 °C (78.1 °F) on the 9th of that month. There was also an 21.1 °C (70.0 °F) average high in August 2016.^[2]

Qumarlêb County is divided to 1 town and 5 townships.^[6]