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R Carinae is a double star in the southern constellation of Carina. The brighter component is a variable star that can be viewed with the naked eye at peak brightness,[10] but is usually too faint to be seen without a telescope, having an apparent visual magnitude that fluctuates around 7.43.[6] This star is located at a distance of approximately 600 light years from the Sun based on parallax,[2] and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +28 km/s.[6]

Benjamin Apthorp Gould discovered the variable star, in 1871. It appeared with its variable star designation in Annie Jump Cannon’s 1907 work, Second Catalogue of Variable Stars.[11] The main component is an aging red giant star on the asymptotic giant branch[4] with a stellar classification of M6/7pe.[5] It is classified as a pulsating Mira type variable star and its visual brightness varies with an average amplitude of 4.25 magnitudes over a period of 303.99±1.08 d. Its average maximum visual magnitude is 5.05±0.45,[10] but the brightest observed maximum was magnitude 3.9.[3] The pulsations make its size change, in 2014, it was 400 times larger than the Sun, while in 2020 it was 540 times larger.[12] This star is surrounded by a dusty shell, with properties that are consistent with iron-poor silicates or corundum, extending from around three stellar radii outward.[13]

The companion is a magnitude 11.30 star at an angular separation of 2.10″ along a position angle of 132° from the main star, as of 2015.[14]

References

  1. ↑ “Download Data”. aavso.org. AAVSO. Retrieved 1 October 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). “Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties”. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv:2208.00211. Bibcode:2023A&A…674A…1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940. S2CID 244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  3. 1 2 3 Samus, N. N.; et al. (2017), “General Catalogue of Variable Stars”, Astronomy Reports, 5.1, 61 (1): 80–88, Bibcode:2017ARep…61…80S, doi:10.1134/S1063772917010085, S2CID 125853869.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Takeuti, Mine; et al. (2013), “A Method to Estimate the Masses of Asymptotic Giant Branch Variable Stars”, Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 65 (3): 60, Bibcode:2013PASJ…65…60T, doi:10.1093/pasj/65.3.60.
  5. 1 2 Houk, Nancy; Cowley, A. P. (1979), Michigan catalogue of two-dimensional spectral types for the HD stars, vol. 1, Ann Arbor, Michigan: Dept. of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Bibcode:1978mcts.book…..H.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012), “XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation”, Astronomy Letters, 38 (5): 331, arXiv:1108.4971, Bibcode:2012AstL…38..331A, doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015, S2CID 119257644.
  7. ↑ Jadlovský, D.; Wittkowski, M.; Chiavassa, A.; Kravchenko, K.; Freytag, B.; Höfner, S.; Krtička, J.; Paladini, C.; Rau, G. (2026-04-23), VLTI-GRAVITY measurements of cool evolved stars: II. Pulsation properties and mass-loss process of the Mira star R Car and the red supergiant VX Sgr, arXiv:2604.21621
  8. ↑ McDonald, I.; Zijlstra, A. A.; Boyer, M. L. (2012), “Fundamental parameters and infrared excesses of Hipparcos stars”, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 427 (1): 343, arXiv:1208.2037, Bibcode:2012MNRAS.427..343M, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21873.x, S2CID 118665352.
  9. ↑ “R Car”. SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2020-01-30.
  10. 1 2 Vogt, N.; et al. (2016), “Determination of Pulsation Periods and Other Parameters of 2875 Stars Classified As Mira in the All Sky Automated Survey (Asas)”, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 227 (1): 6, arXiv:1609.05246, Bibcode:2016ApJS..227….6V, doi:10.3847/0067-0049/227/1/6, S2CID 119295645.
  11. ↑ Cannon, Annie J. (1907), “Second catalogue of variable stars”, Annals of Harvard College Observatory, 55: 1–94, Bibcode:1907AnHar..55….1C, retrieved 8 January 2025
  12. ↑ Rosales-Guzmán, A.; Sanchez-Bermudez, J.; Paladini, C.; Freytag, B.; Wittkowski, M.; Alberdi, A.; Baron, F.; Berger, J.-P.; Chiavassa, A.; Höfner, S.; Jorissen, A.; Kervella, P.; Bouquin, J.-B. Le; Marigo, P.; Montargès, M. (2024-08-01), “A new dimension in the variability of AGB stars: Convection patterns size changes with pulsation”, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 688: A124, arXiv:2405.10164, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202349112, ISSN 0004-6361
  13. ↑ Ireland, M. J.; et al. (July 2005), “Dust scattering in the Miras R Car and RR Sco resolved by optical interferometric polarimetry”, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 361 (1): 337–344, arXiv:astro-ph/0505112, Bibcode:2005MNRAS.361..337I, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09181.x, S2CID 14724805.
  14. ↑ Mason, B. D.; et al. (2014), “The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog”, The Astronomical Journal, 122 (6): 3466, Bibcode:2001AJ….122.3466M, doi:10.1086/323920.