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SN 2011dh was a supernova in the Whirlpool Galaxy (M51). It was discovered on 31 May 2011, with an apparent magnitude 13.5.[4] and confirmed by several sources, including the Palomar Transient Factory.[5] A candidate progenitor was detected in Hubble Space Telescope images.[9] The progenitor may have been a highly luminous yellow supergiant with an initial mass of 18-24 solar masses.[6] The supernova peaked near apparent magnitude 12.1 on 19 June 2011.[8] Emission spectra indicated that the explosion was a type II supernova, in which a massive star collapses once nuclear fusion has ceased in its core.[4]

SN2011dh was the third supernova to be recorded in the Whirlpool galaxy since 1994 (following SN 1994I and SN 2005cs).[10] The supernova frequency in the Milky Way is estimated to be around one event every 40 years.[11]

References

  1. ^ Arcavi, I.; Gal-Yam, A.; Polishook, D.; Yaron, O.; Xu, D.; Li, W.; Filippenko, A. V.; Silverman, J. M.; Cenko, S. B.; Nugent, P. E.; Poznanski, D.; Gorbikov, E.; Sullivan, M.; Kasliwal, M. M.; Ofek, E. O.; Horesh, A.; Quimby, R.; Walker, E. S.; Van Dyk, S. D. (2011). “PTF11eon/SN2011dh is Possibly a Type IIb Event”. The Astronomer’s Telegram. 3413: 1. Bibcode:2011ATel.3413….1A. Retrieved 2011-06-08.
  2. ^ Stringfellow, G. S.; Howell, S. B.; Probst, R.; Seebode, S. (2011). “Early Optical Spectroscopy of SN 2011dh in M51”. The Astronomer’s Telegram. 3428: 1. Bibcode:2011ATel.3428….1S. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  3. ^ Kelly Beatty (June 3, 2011). “Supernova Erupts in Whirlpool Galaxy”. Sky and Telescope. Retrieved 2011-06-06.
  4. ^ a b c d Richard Kinne (kqr) (2011-06-03). “AAVSO Special Notice #241: New Supernova in M51”. AAVSO. Retrieved 2011-06-06.
  5. ^ a b c Silverman, J. M.; Filippenko, A. V.; Cenko, S. B. (2011). “PTF Discovery of a Type II Supernova in M51”. The Astronomer’s Telegram. 3398: 1. Bibcode:2011ATel.3398….1S. Retrieved 2011-06-06.
  6. ^ a b Li, W.; Filippenko, A. V.; Van Dyk, S. D. (2011). “Properties of the Candidate Progenitor of SN 2011dh in M51”. The Astronomer’s Telegram. 3401: 1. Bibcode:2011ATel.3401….1L. Retrieved 2011-06-06.
  7. ^ Matson, John (2013). “Sayonara, Supergiant”. Scientific American. 309 (5): 18–9. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1113-18a. PMID 24283007.
  8. ^ a b David Bishop. “Supernovae 2011dh in M51”. supernovae.net (International Supernovae Network). Retrieved 2011-06-06.
  9. ^ Li, W.; Filippenko, A. V. (2011). “Possible Progenitor of the New Type II SN in M51”. The Astronomer’s Telegram. 3399: 1. Bibcode:2011ATel.3399….1L. Retrieved 2011-06-06.
  10. ^ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (5 June 2011). “Another Nearby Supernova in the Whirlpool Galaxy”. Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA.
  11. ^ Tammann, G. A.; Loeffler, W.; Schroeder, A. (June 1994). “The Galactic supernova rate”. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 92 (2): 487–493. Bibcode:1994ApJS…92..487T. doi:10.1086/192002.