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“Thoron” redirects here. For the genus of wasps, see Thoron (wasp).

There are 39 known isotopes of radon (86Rn), from 193Rn to 231Rn; all are radioactive. The most stable isotope is 222Rn with a half-life of 3.8215 days, which decays into 218
Po.

Six isotopes of radon, 217-222Rn, occur in trace quantities in nature as decay products of, respectively, 217At, 218At, 223Ra, 224Ra, 225Ra, and 226Ra. 217Rn and 221Rn are produced in rare branches in the decay chain of trace quantities of 237Np; 222Rn (and also 218Rn in a rare branch) is an intermediate step in the decay chain of 238U; 219Rn is an intermediate step in the decay chain of 235U; and 220Rn occurs in the decay chain of 232Th.

List of isotopes

Nuclide
[n 1] 		Historic
name 		Z N Isotopic mass (Da)[2]
[n 2][n 3] 		Discovery
year[3][4] 		Half-life[1]
 Decay
mode[1]
 Daughter
isotope
 Spin and
parity[1]
[n 4][n 5] 		Isotopic
abundance
Excitation energy[n 5]
193Rn 86 107 193.009708(27) 2006 1.15(27) ms α 189Po (3/2−)
194Rn 86 108 194.006146(18) 2006 780(160) μs α 190Po 0+
195Rn 86 109 195.005422(55) 2001 7(3) ms α 191Po 3/2−
195mRn[n 6] 80(50) keV 2001 6(3) ms α 191Po 13/2+
196Rn 86 110 196.002120(15) 1995 4.7(11) ms α 192Po 0+
197Rn 86 111 197.001621(17) 1995 54(6) ms α 193Po 3/2−
197mRn 199(11) keV 1995 25.6(25) ms α 193Po 13/2+
198Rn 86 112 197.998679(14) 1984 64.4(16) ms α 194Po 0+
199Rn 86 113 198.9983254(78) 1980 590(30) ms α 195Po 3/2−
199mRn 220(11) keV 1980 310(20) ms α 195Po 13/2+
200Rn 86 114 199.9957053(62) 1971 1.09(16) s α 196Po 0+
200mRn 2320(20)# keV 2002 28(9) μs IT 200Rn
201Rn 86 115 200.995591(11) 1967 7.0(4) s α 197Po 3/2−
201mRn 245(12) keV 1971 3.8(1) s α 197Po 13/2+
202Rn 86 116 201.993264(19) 1967 9.7(1) s α (78%) 198Po 0+
β+ (22%) 202At
202mRn 2310(50)# keV 2002 2.22(7) μs IT 202Rn 11−#
203Rn 86 117 202.9933612(62) 1967 44.2(16) s α (66%) 199Po 3/2−
β+ (34%) 203At
203mRn 362(4) keV 1967 26.9(5) s α (75%) 199Po 13/2+
β+ (25%) 203At
204Rn 86 118 203.9914437(80) 1967 1.242(23) min α (72.4%) 200Po 0+
β+ (27.6%) 204At
205Rn 86 119 204.9917232(55) 1967 170(4) s β+ (75.4%) 205At 5/2−
α (24.6%) 201Po
205mRn 657.1(5) keV 2010 >10 s IT 205Rn 13/2+#
206Rn 86 120 205.9901954(92) 1954 5.67(17) min α (62%) 202Po 0+
β+ (38%) 206At
207Rn 86 121 206.9907302(51) 1954 9.25(17) min β+ (79%) 207At 5/2−
α (21%) 203Po
207mRn 899.1(10) keV 1974 184.5(9) μs IT 207Rn 13/2+
208Rn 86 122 207.989635(11) 1955 24.35(14) min α (62%) 204Po 0+
β+ (38%) 208At
208mRn 1828.3(4) keV 1981 487(12) ns IT 208Rn 8+
209Rn 86 123 208.990401(11) 1952 28.8(10) min β+ (83%) 209At 5/2−
α (17%) 205Po
209m1Rn 1174.01(13) keV 1985 13.4(13) μs IT 209Rn 13/2+
209m2Rn 3636.81(23) keV 1985 3.0(3) μs IT 209Rn 35/2+
210Rn 86 124 209.9896889(49) 1952 2.4(1) h α (96%) 206Po 0+
β+ (4%) 210At
210m1Rn 1710(30) keV 1979 644(40) ns IT 210Rn 8+
210m2Rn 3857(30) keV 1979 1.06(5) μs IT 210Rn 17−
210m3Rn 6514(30) keV 1979 1.04(7) μs IT 210Rn 23+
211Rn 86 125 210.9906008(73) 1952 14.6(2) h β+ (72.6%) 211At 1/2−
α (27.4%) 207Po
211m1Rn 1603(14)# keV 1981 596(28) ns IT 211Rn 17/2−
211m2Rn 8905(20)# keV 1985 201(4) ns IT 211Rn 63/2−
212Rn 86 126 211.9907039(33) 1950 23.9(12) min α 208Po 0+
212m1Rn 1639.68(15) keV 1977 118(14) ns IT 212Rn 6+
212m2Rn 1694.1(3) keV 1975 910(30) ns IT 212Rn 8+
212m3Rn 6174.2(3) keV 1977 102(4) ns IT 212Rn 22+
212m4Rn 8579.2(4) keV 1977 154(14) ns IT 212Rn 30+
213Rn 86 127 212.9938851(36) 1966 19.5(1) ms α[n 7] 209Po 9/2+#
213m1Rn 1682(10) keV 1983 1.00(21) μs IT 213Rn (25/2+)
213m2Rn 2205(10) keV 1983 1.36(7) μs IT 213Rn (31/2−)
213m3Rn 5965(14) keV 1988 164(11) ns IT 213Rn (55/2+)
214Rn 86 128 213.9953627(99) 1970 259(3) ns α 210Po 0+
214mRn 4595.4(18) keV 1983 245(30) ns IT 214Rn (22+)
215Rn 86 129 214.9987450(65) 1952 2.30(10) μs α[n 8] 211Po 9/2+
216Rn 86 130 216.0002719(62) 1949 29(4) μs α 212Po 0+
217Rn 86 131 217.0039276(45) 1949 593(38) μs α 213Po 9/2+ Trace[n 9]
218Rn 86 132 218.0056011(25) 1948 33.75(15) ms α 214Po 0+ Trace[n 10]
219Rn Actinon
Actinium emanation 		86 133 219.0094787(23) 1903 3.96(1) s α[n 11] 215Po 5/2+ Trace[n 12]
220Rn Thoron
Thorium emanation 		86 134 220.0113924(19) 1900 55.6(1) s α[n 13] 216Po 0+ Trace[n 14]
221Rn 86 135 221.0155356(61) 1956 25.7(5) min β− (78%) 221Fr 7/2+ Trace[n 9]
α (22%) 217Po
222Rn[n 15] Radon[n 16]
Radium emanation
Emanation
Emanon
Niton 		86 136 222.0175760(21) 1899 3.8215(2) d α[n 17] 218Po 0+ Trace[n 10]
223Rn 86 137 223.0218893(84) 1964 24.3(4) min β− 223Fr 7/2+
α?[n 18] 219Po
224Rn 86 138 224.024096(11) 1964 107(3) min β− 224Fr 0+
225Rn 86 139 225.028486(12) 1969 4.66(4) min β− 225Fr 7/2−
226Rn 86 140 226.030861(11) 1969 7.4(1) min β− 226Fr 0+
227Rn 86 141 227.035304(15) 1986 20.2(4) s β− 227Fr (3/2+)
228Rn 86 142 228.037835(19) 1989 65(2) s β− 228Fr 0+
229Rn 86 143 229.042257(14) 2009 11.9(13) s β− 229Fr (5/2+)
230Rn 86 144 230.04527(22)# 2010 24# s
[>300 ns] 		0+
231Rn 86 145 231.04997(32)# 2010 2# s
[>300 ns] 		1/2+#
232Rn 86 146 (2010)
This table header & footer:
  1. ^ mRn – Excited nuclear isomer.
  2. ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
  3. ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
  4. ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
  5. ^ a b # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
  6. ^ Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
  7. ^ Theoretically capable of electron capture to 213At; the branching ratio is expected to be <5.8×10−4% (partial half-life >56 min)[5]
  8. ^ Theoretically capable of electron capture to 215At; the branching ratio is expected to be <1.0×10−11% (partial half-life >266 d)[6]
  9. ^ a b Intermediate decay product of 237Np
  10. ^ a b Intermediate decay product of 238U
  11. ^ Theoretically capable of β− decay to 219Fr with a partial half-life calculated as ~1.3×106 s (~15 d; branching ratio ~3.0×10−4%)[7]
  12. ^ Intermediate decay product of 235U
  13. ^ Theoretically capable of β−β− decay to 220Ra
  14. ^ Intermediate decay product of 232Th
  15. ^ Most common isotope
  16. ^ Source of element’s name
  17. ^ Theoretically capable of β−β− decay to 222Ra and perhaps β− decay to 222Fr[8]
  18. ^ Theoretically capable of α decay with a partial half-life of ~3.65×108 s (~11.6 y; branching ratio ~4×10−4%)[9][10]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). “The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties” (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
  2. ^ Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). “The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*”. Chinese Physics C. 45 (3) 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
  3. ^ FRIB Nuclear Data Group. “Discovery of Nuclides Project, Isotope Database”. doi:10.11578/frib/2279152.
  4. ^ FRIB Nuclear Data Group. “Discovery of Nuclides Project, Isomer Database”. doi:10.11578/frib/2572219.
  5. ^ “Adopted Levels for 213Rn” (PDF). NNDC Chart of Nuclides.
  6. ^ “Adopted Levels for 215Rn” (PDF). NNDC Chart of Nuclides.
  7. ^ Takahashi, Kohji; Yamada, Masami; Kondoh, Takayoshi (August 1973). “Beta-decay half-lives calculated on the gross theory”. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables. 12 (1): 101–142. Bibcode:1973ADNDT..12..101T. doi:10.1016/0092-640X(73)90015-6.
  8. ^ Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Cappella, C.; Caracciolo, V.; Cerulli, R.; Danevich, F.A.; Di Marco, A.; Incicchitti, A.; Poda, D.V.; Polischuk, O.G.; Tretyak, V.I. (2014). “Investigation of rare nuclear decays with BaF2 crystal scintillator contaminated by radium”. European Physical Journal A. 50 (9): 134–143. arXiv:1407.5844. Bibcode:2014EPJA…50..134B. doi:10.1140/epja/i2014-14134-6. S2CID 118513731.
  9. ^ Sun, Xiao-Dong; Duan, Chao; Deng, Jun-Gang; Guo, Ping; Li, Xiao-Hua (2017-01-18). “Systematic study of α decay for odd-A nuclei within a two-potential approach”. Physical Review C. 95 (1) 014319. American Physical Society. arXiv:1903.07301. Bibcode:2017PhRvC..95a4319S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.95.014319.
  10. ^ “Adopted Levels for 223Rn” (PDF). NNDC Chart of Nuclides.