Titanium yellow is a yellow pigment with the chemical composition NiO·Sb2O3·20TiO2. It is considered a complex inorganic color pigment (CICP)[1][2], formerly known as a mixed phase metal oxide[2]. The pigment has a rutile crystal lattice[1], with 2–5% of titanium ions replaced with nickel(II) and 9–12% of them replaced with antimony(III).[citation needed]
Properties
Titanium yellow has a melting point above 1000 °C and extremely low solubility in water.[citation needed]
As other CICPs, it has excellent heat stability and good chemical stability.[2]
Production
CICPs such as titanium yellow are manufactured by calcining fine powders of metal oxides, hydroxides, or carbonates in solid state at temperatures between 650 and 1300 °C.[1]
Use
Titanium yellow is used primarily as a pigment for plastics[3] and ceramic glazes[2], and in art painting.
It also finds use in high-end applications such as automotive and coil coatings.[2]
Safety
While titanium yellow contains antimony and nickel, it is considered relatively inert and can be regarded as “physiologically and environmentally harmless.”[2]
See also
References
- ^ a b c Faulkner, Edwin B.; Schwartz, Russell J., eds. (2009-01-14). High Performance Pigments. Wiley. pp. 44–45. doi:10.1002/9783527626915. ISBN 978-3-527-31405-8.
- ^ a b c d e f Lambourne, R.; Strivens, T. A. (1999-08-23). Paint and Surface Coatings: Theory and Practice. Elsevier. pp. 137–138. ISBN 978-1-85573-700-6.
- ^ Sarvis, Harrey E. (1993). “The coloring of PVC”. Journal of Vinyl Technology. 15 (3): 150. doi:10.1002/vnl.730150307. ISSN 1548-0585.