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Tonalism was an artistic style that emerged in the 1880s.

French origins

The French Barbizon school artists emphasized mood and shadow.[1] The movement was eventually eclipsed by Impressionism and European modernism.[2]

America

American artists began to paint landscape forms with an overall tone of colored atmosphere or mist. Between 1880 and 1915,[3] dark, neutral hues such as gray, brown or blue, often dominated compositions by artists associated with the style.[4]

During the late 1890s, American art critics began to use the term “tonal” to describe these works, as well as the lesser-known synonyms Quietism and Intimism.[5][6] Two of the leading associated painters were George Inness and James McNeill Whistler.[7]

Australia

Australian Tonalism emerged as an art movement in Melbourne during the 1910s when it was promoted as a method of ‘scientific’ realist painting by Max Meldrum through his art school.[8][9][10]

Britain

St Ives artists were the leading exponents of this style in British landscape painting.[11]

Canada

In Canada the movement emerged in the 1890s through the influence of the American, Whistler.[12]

Associated international artists

See also

Notes

  1. ^ “American Tonalism”. Artsy. Retrieved 2021-12-01.
  2. ^ Avery, Kevin J. & Fischer, Diane P. “American Tonalism: Selections from the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Montclair Art Museum “. Burlington Magazine, Vol. 142, No. 1168, July, 2000. p. 453.
  3. ^ Jones, Harvey (1995). Twilight and reverie : California tonalist painting, 1890-1930 (exhibition catalogue ed.). Laguna Beach, Calif: Oakland Museum, Oakland.
  4. ^ “What is Tonalism? Tonalism Palette, Tonalism Definition”. Tonalism. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
  5. ^ Raynor, Vivien (1982-06-27). “ART; MOODY SCENES FROM TONALISTS”. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
  6. ^ “The Sublime Landscape”. tfaoi.org. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
  7. ^ “The 4 Most Important Names of Tonalism”. Widewalls. Retrieved 2021-11-28.
  8. ^ Queensland Art Gallery (1996). Max Meldrum and Melbourne Tonalism: Beauty is Truth, Truth Beauty! (Exhibition catalogue ed.). Brisbane: Queensland Art Gallery.
  9. ^ Perry, Peter W.; Perry, John R. (2023). Australian tonalism : the John and Peter Perry collection. Melbourne: Gunn and Taylor. ISBN 9780646869773.
  10. ^ Lock-Weir, Tracey (2008). Misty moderns: Australian tonalists 1915 – 1950 ; ….on the occasion of the touring exhibition of the same title, Art Gallery of South Australia, 15 August – 19. October 2008. Adelaide: Art Gallery of South Australia. ISBN 978-0-7308-3015-3.
  11. ^ Tovey, David (2008). Pioneers of St. Ives art at home and abroad (1889-1914). Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire: Wilson Books. ISBN 978-0-9538363-6-9.
  12. ^ Reid, Dennis R.; Burnett, David G. (1985). Painting in Canada. Reference series (Canada. Department of External Affairs), no. 66. Ottawa, Ont.: General Publications Section, Dept. of External Affairs. p. 9.